Table 1.

Mean squares from analysis of variance for different agronomic traits measured on awned and awnletted near-isogenic lines (NILs) representing different genetic backgrounds and assessed in multiple environments

Source	Anthesis biomass†	Plant height†	Grain yield	Total biomass	Harvest index	Number of spikes†	Kernel weight	Number of grains††	Test weight	Grain screenings	Grains per spike	Canopy temperature
Environment (Env)	277**	13.66**	786**	4997**	0.123 ns	264 ns	5022**	3934**	214**	660**	74525**	186**
Experiment/Env	1802**	5.31*	70**	691**	0.181**	1178**	713**	479**	615**	345**	22789**	1713**
Near-isogenic lines	20 ns	1.0**	2.90 ns	6 ns	0.006 ns	88**	762**	29*	56**	90**	798**	8.6*
Awn	0.2 ns	0.04 ns	3.1 ns	0.5 ns	0.001 ns	3 ns	1144**	49*	20*	69*	1124*	5.7**
Background (Bgrd)	37.8 ns	2.25**	5.1 ns	7.4 ns	0.013#	201**	1057**	31 ns	76#	186*	1597*	3.8*
Awn×Bgrd	8.8 ns	0.03 ns	0.1 ns	6.5 ns	0.001 ns	3 ns	85**	4 ns	37#	3 ns	62 ns	0.2 ns
NILs×Env	24*	0.1**	2.34**	9 ns	0.004#	14**	54**	20**	23**	18**	236*	3.2*
Awn×Env	9.7 ns	0.01 ns	0.95 ns	5.2 ns	0.002 ns	6 ns	37**	10 ns	1 ns	5 ns	144 ns	3.1*
Bgrd×Env	49.3**	0.37**	3.76**	10.0 ns	0.004*	27**	89**	36**	32**	37**	447**	1.3 ns
Awn×Bgrd×Env	3.2 ns	0.04 ns	0.56 ns	9.2 ns	0.004 ns	4 ns	13 ns	4 ns	22*	3 ns	57 ns	1.1 ns
Pooled error	13	0.06	0.92	14	0.003	6	7	5	11	3	143	25
R 2	0.80	0.74	0.81	0.77	0.61	0.75	0.86	0.78	0.56	0.71	0.78	0.93

#, *, **: Mean squares statistically different from zero at P=0.10, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively; ns denotes not statistically different at P=0.05.

^†: Mean squares×10³; ^†† mean squares×10⁶.