Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of older onset diabetic participants according to status of albuminuria: NHANES 2005–2008.
| Characteristics | Normoalbuminuria (95% CI) n = 864 |
Microalbuminuriaa (95% CI) n = 340 |
Macroalbuminuriab (95% CI) n = 113 |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60.5 (59.2–61.9) | 63.7 (61.4–66.0) | 63.2 (59.5–66.8) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) |
| Female gender (%) | 51 (47–56) | 53 (45–60) | 49 (35–63) | 1.01 (0.8–1.4) |
| Non-hispanic white (%) | 68 (61–76) | 66 (58–75) | 53 (36–69) | 1.0 |
| Non-hispanic black (%) | 15 (10–19) | 15 (10–20) | 24 (15–33) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) |
| Latino (%) | 12 (8–16) | 14 (9–20) | 11 (4–18) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) |
| Other ethnicity (%) | 5 (2–8) | 4 (1–8) | 12 (3–21) | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) |
| Retinopathy any (%) | 23 (19–27) | 27 (20–34) | 54 (42–66) | 1.8 (1.1–2.8) |
| None (%) | 77 (73–81) | 73 (66–80) | 46 (34–58) | 1.0 |
| Mild (%) | 18 (15–22) | 20 (14–26) | 33 (18–48) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) |
| Moderate–severe (%) | 4 (2–6) | 6 (2–10) | 17 (7–28) | 2.7 (1.4–5.5)§ |
| Proliferative, (%) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 4 (0–7) | 3.1 (0.7–12.9) |
| History of CV event (%) | 23 (19–27) | 39 (32–47) | 46 (34–59) | 2.4 (1.6–3.5)§ |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 32 (32–33) | 32 (30–33) | 33 (31–35) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) |
| HbA1C (%) (mmol/mol) |
6.8 (6.6–7.0) | 7.0 (6.8–7.3) | 7.4 (7–7.9) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) |
| 51 (49–53) | 53 (51–56) | 57 (53–63) | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 129 (127–130) | 138 (135–140) | 150 (145–156) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0)§ |
| DBP (mmHg) | 69 (68–70) | 68 (66–71) | 70 (63–78) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 60 (58–62) | 69 (66–73) | 80 (72–87) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0)§ |
| RAAS blockers (%) | 41 (36–46) | 48 (43–53) | 53 (42–64) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) |
CV = cardiovascular; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; RAAS = renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.
a
Microalbuminuria defined as urine albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) 3.4–33.8 mg/mmol (30–299 µg/mg).
b
Macroalbuminuria defined as UACR ≥33.9 mg/mmol (300 µg/mg).
§
p < 0.001.