Table 3.

β-coefficients ± standard errors (SE) for changes in periodontal disease measures corresponding to a 10 nmol/L difference in baseline 25(OH) D concentrations (nmol/L) among all women with baseline 25(OH)D measures (n=655) and limited to women with stable 25(OH)D concentrations over time (n=442): the Buffalo OsteoPerio Study

	Baseline 25(OH)D		Baseline 25(OH)D Among articipants who changed less than ± 20 nmol/L in five-years
	n=655		n=442
	β-coefficient (SE)	P-value*	β-coefficient (SE)	P-value*
ACH Side-by-side mean change (mm)
Age-adjusted Model	− 0.001 (0.004)	0.724	−0.003 (0.005)	0.579
Multivariable Model 1†δ	−0.003 (0.004)	0.474	−0.005 (0.006)	0.397
Multivariable Model 2‡δ	−0.002 (0.004)	0.593	−0.004 (0.006)	0.530
CAL Whole-mouth mean change (mm)
Age-adjusted Model	− 0.001 (0.009)	0.889	0.003 (0.012)	0.788
Multivariable Model 1†	0.001 (0.008)	0.905	0.005 (0.012)	0.686
Multivariable Model 2‡	0.001 (0.009)	0.882	0.008 (0.012)	0.501
PD Whole-mouth mean change (mm)
Age-adjusted Model	0.009 (0.007)	0.214	0.013 (0.009)	0.157
Multivariable Model 1†	0.0009 (0.006)	0.883	0.006 (0.008)	0.432
Multivariable Model 2‡	0.0005 (0.006)	0.930	0.007 (0.008)	0.429
Change in the percent of gingival sites that bled upon assessment (%)
Age-adjusted Model	0.864 (0.433)	0.046	0.389 (0.572)	0.497
Multivariable Model 1†	0.034 (0.281)	0.903	−0.209 (0.366)	0.568
Multivariable Model 2‡	0.112 (0.295)	0.704	−0.155 (0.382)	0.685

^*P-value for associated beta-coefficient.

^†Model 1 is adjusted for age, education, frequency of dental visits, smoking status, diabetes status, and current use of osteoporosis related medications or bone therapies, and baseline periodontal disease measure.

^‡Model 2 is equivalent to Model 1, but further adjusted for BMI and recreational physical activity.

^δAnalyses for baseline 25(OH)D include only 651 women and analyses for stable 25(OH)D include only 439 women because some women’s cement-enamel junction were not visible on their baseline radiograph to determine baseline whole-mouth mean ACH.