Table 2. Multivariate Cox regression analyses for evaluating variables associated with BCR-free survival (BRFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS).
| BRFS | CSS | OS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age | 1.004 | 0.590 | 1.088 | 0.037 | 1.064 | 0.001 |
| (0.988–1.021) | (1.005–1.177) | (1.025–1.104) | ||||
| BMI | 0.989 | 0.577 | 0.902 | 0.316 | 0.929 | 0.089 |
| (0.950–1.029) | (0.737–1.104) | (0.853–1.011) | ||||
| D’Amico classification+, n (%) | ||||||
| Low—risk | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Intermediate—risk | 2.036 | <0.001 | 4.030 | 0.001 | 1.535 | 0.046 |
| (1.573–2.637) | (2.615–16.516) | (1.007–2.340) | ||||
| High—risk | 2.430 | <0.001 | 6.713 | 0.001 | 2.226 | <0.001 |
| (1.857–3.180) | (2.704–25.734) | (1.449–3.421) | ||||
| Preoperative Hb | 1.005 | 0.150 | 0.669 | 0.209 | 0.725 | 0.146 |
| (0.998–1.012) | (0.357–1.253) | (0.470–1.119) | ||||
| Neoadjuvant ADT | 1.711 | 0.365 | 2.270 | 0.465 | 1.890 | 0.579 |
| (0.536–5.467) | (0.534–4.656) | (0.199–17.916) | ||||
| Operative type | ||||||
| Open | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Laparoscopic/Robotic | 0.788 | 0.102 | 1.888 | 0.320 | 0.662 | 0.182 |
| (0.592–1.049) | (0.539–6.605) | (0.362–1.213) | ||||
| PLND | 1.282 | 0.095 | 1.024 | 0.972 | 0.555 | 0.114 |
| (0.957–1.717) | (0.265–3.960) | (0.268–1.151) | ||||
| NVB saving | 0.858 | 0.336 | 1.070 | 0.918 | 1.301 | 0.447 |
| (0.629–1.172) | (0.297–3.856) | (0.660–2.564) | ||||
| Operative time | 1.000 | 0.506 | 1.001 | 0.166 | 1.001 | 0.555 |
| (0.999–1.001) | (0.999–1.003) | (1.000–1.002) | ||||
| EBL | 1.000 | 0.971 | 1.000 | <0.001 | 1.000 | 0.007 |
| (1.000–1.000) | (1.000–1.001) | (1.000–1.000) | ||||
| Preoperative PSA | 1.005 | 0.150 | 1.091 | 0.023 | 1.001 | 0.807 |
| (0.998–1.012) | (1.006–1.180) | (0.991–1.011) | ||||
| Pathologic T stage | ||||||
| ≤pT2 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| ≥pT3 | 2.517 | 0.001 | 1.039 | 0.976 | 1.315 | 0.606 |
| (1.488–4.257) | (0.080–13.519) | (0.464–3.725) | ||||
| Pathologic GS | ||||||
| ≤ 8 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| >8 | 1.625 | 0.001 | 6.967 | <0.001 | 1.507 | 0.042 |
| (1.216–2.171) | (2.590–18.744) | (1.014–2.246) | ||||
| LN status | ||||||
| Nx/N0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| N1 | 0.608 | 0.176 | 4.183 | 0.099 | 1.148 | 0.760 |
| (0.296–1.250) | (0.766–22.847) | (0.474–2.781) | ||||
| Total number of removed LN | 1.011 | 0.344 | 0.872 | 0.055 | 0.964 | 0.222 |
| (0.988–1.035) | (0.759–1.003) | (0.909–1.022) | ||||
| Number of positive LN | 1.100 | 0.675 | 1.385 | 0.097 | 1.098 | 0.636 |
| (0.865–1.400) | (0.943–2.035) | (0.745–1.619) | ||||
| ECE | 0.742 | 0.221 | 3.418 | 0.265 | 1.235 | 0.665 |
| (0.460–1.196) | (0.394–29.670) | (0.475–3.213) | ||||
| SVI | 0.996 | 0.983 | 6.973 | 0.001 | 2.003 | 0.015 |
| (0.707–1.403) | (2.220–21.898) | (1.147–3.500) | ||||
| PSM | 1.570 | <0.001 | 1.096 | 0.883 | 1.384 | 0.150 |
| (1.239–1.990) | (0.325–3.698) | (0.890–2.153) | ||||
| Adjuvant ADT | 0.579 | 0.093 | 0.596 | 0.632 | 0.637 | 0.371 |
| (0.306–1.096) | (0.072–4.949) | (0.237–1.712) | ||||
| Adjuvant RT | 1.273 | 0.596 | 2.892 | 0.053 | 0.609 | 0.563 |
| (0.521–3.111) | (0.988–8.464) | (0.113–3.275) | ||||
| Salvage RT | 0.545 | 0.380 | 0.832 | 0.551 | ||
| (0.141–2.112) | (0.455–1.523) | |||||
| Follow-up duration | 1.003 | 0.144 | 0.967 | <0.001 | 0.956 | <0.001 |
| (0.999–1.006) | (0.952–0.983) | (0.947–0.964) | ||||
| PBT | 1.235 | 0.120 | 2.362 | 0.071 | 1.950 | 0.006 |
| (0.946–1.612) | (0.929–6.006) | (1.209–3.145) | ||||
| Autologous PBT | 1.351 | 0.095 | 2.722 | 0.142 | 1.040 | 0.895 |
| (0.949–1.924) | (0.715–10.361) | (0.580–1.864) | ||||
| Allogeneic PBT* | 1.341 | 0.040 | 4.634 | 0.004 | 2.308 | 0.001 |
| (1.013–1.775) | (1.618–13.273) | (1.403–3.799) |
* allogeneic with/without autologous PBT
+ Low-risk: PSA ≤ 10, Gleason score ≤ 6, and clinical stage T1-2a, Intermediate-risk: 10 < PSA < 20, Gleason score 7, or clinical stage T2b, High-risk: PSA ≥ 20, Gleason score ≥ 8, or clinical stage T2c-3a
ADT: androgen deprivation therapy, BMI: body mass index, CSS: cancer-specific survival, EBL: estimated blood loss, ECE: extracapsular extension, Hb: hemoglobin, LN: lymph node, NVB: neurovascular bundle, OS: overall survival, PLND: pelvic lymph node dissection, PSA: prostate-specific antigen, PSM: positive surgical margin, PBT: perioperative blood transfusion, RT: radiotherapy, SVI: seminal vesical invasion.