Table 1.
Means (and Standard Deviations) of Characteristics of the Stable and Variable Participants
| Stable | Variable | Cohen’s d | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1631 | 138 | N/A |
| Age | 53.3 (17.6) | 52.5 (18.8) | 0.05 |
| Sex | 0.63 (0.48) | 0.68 (0.47) | −0.10 |
| Health | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.3 (1.0) | −0.25 |
| Education | 15.9 (2.7) | 15.6 (2.7) | 0.10 |
| MMSE | 28.5 (1.8) | 28.0 (2.3) | 0.26* |
| Scaled Scores | |||
| Word Recall | 11.9 (3.2) | 11.4 (3.6) | 0.19 |
| Logical Memory | 11.6 (3.1) | 11.2 (3.4) | 0.14 |
| Digit Symbol | 11.3 (2.8) | 10.9 (3.1) | 0.14 |
| Vocabulary | 12.5 (3.1) | 12.3 (3.3) | 0.05 |
| State Anxiety | |||
| Session 1 | 25.3 (4.3) | 34.0 (11.1) | −1.04* |
| Session 2 | 25.2 (4.5) | 40.2 (14.9) | −1.36* |
| Session 3 | 24.8 (4.4) | 42.4 (14.0) | −1.70* |
| Std. Dev. | 2.5 (1.8) | 13.7 (3.7) | −3.03* |
| Trait Anxiety | 32.0 (8.1) | 42.1 (12.2) | −0.98* |
Note. d values refer to effect sizes, with * indicating whether the difference was significant in an independent-groups t-test (p<.01). Sex was coded 0 for males and 1 for females. Health was a self-rating on a scale ranging from 1 for “excellent” to 5 for “poor”. MMSE refers to the Mini Mental State Exam (Folstein, et al., 1975). Scaled scores are adjusted for age and have means of 10 and standard deviations of 3 in the nationally representative normative samples.