FIGURE 4.

GLP-1R signaling and a neuronal network are required for ileal propionate sensing. A, schematic representation of the working hypothesis. B–E, the glucose infusion rate (B), rate of GP (C), % suppression of GP (D), and glucose uptake (E) during the pancreatic clamp in rats with intraileal exendin-9 (Ex 9) and tetracaine (Tetra) administration with saline or in combination with propionate (n = 6 for all groups). Values are shown as mean ± S.E. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001, versus all other groups as determined by ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test.