Table. Clinical cases of astrovirus infection recovered outside the digestive tract in humans by next-generation sequencing or real-time RT-PCR*.
| Authors (reference or figure) |
Astrovirus strain |
Species |
Sample analyzed and results | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain biopsy/CSF |
Plasma/
serum |
Feces |
Urine |
NPS |
Other |
|||
| Holtz et al. (11) | HAstV MLB2 | MAstV 6 | NP | + | NP | NP | + | NP |
| This study | HAstV MLB2 | MAstV 6 | ||||||
| Case-patient (Figure 2, panels A, B) | + | + | + | + | – | NP | ||
| HSCT recipient (Figure 2, panel C) | + | + | + | NP | NP | NP | ||
| Patient D (Figure 2, panel D) |
|
|
NP |
+ |
+ |
NP |
NP |
NP |
| Wunderli et al. (12) | Classical HAstV serotype 4 | MAstV1 | ||||||
| Patient 1 | –/NP | + | + | –/NP | + | -/NP | ||
| Patient 2 | + | + | + | –/NP | –/NP | +† | ||
| Patient 3 |
|
|
+ |
–/NP |
–/NP |
–/NP |
+ |
–/NP |
| Quan et al. (13) |
HAstV-PS |
MAstV 9 |
+ |
NP |
NP |
NP |
NP |
–‡ |
| Brown et al. (14) |
HAstV-VA1/HMO-C-UK1 |
MAstV 9 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
NP |
NP |
NP |
| Naccache et al. (15) |
HAstV-VA1/HMO-C-UK1 |
MAstV 9 |
+ |
NP |
NP |
NP |
NP |
NP |
| Fremond et al. (16) | HAstV-VA1/HMO-C-PA | MAstV 9 | + | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP |
*RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; NPS, nasopharyngeal swab; HAstV, human astrovirus; MAstV, mamastrovirus; NP; not performed; +, positive; –, negative; HSCT, human stem cell transplant. †Vesicle swab, heart, lung, spleen, bone marrow, kidney, small intestine. ‡Kidney, liver, spleen.