Table 1.
Demographic, Cognitive, and Clinical Characteristics
| BD (n=24) |
HC (n=25) |
Statistic | Effect Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Age (Yrs) | 31.38 (11.86) | 29.44 (8.84) | F=0.42 | ηp2=0.01 |
| Female (%) | 62.5% | 60.0% | χ2=0.03 | V=0.03 |
| Caucasian (%) | 95.8% | 84.0% | χ2=1.87 | V=0.20 |
| Education (Yrs) | 15.20 (2.00) | 16.16 (1.57) | F=3.47 | ηp2=0.07 |
| Employed (%) | 50.0% | 72.0% | χ2=2.50 | V=0.23 |
| Married (%) | 12.5% | 4.0% | χ2=1.18 | V=0.16 |
| Cognitive | ||||
| MMSE | 27.96 (1.76) | 28.68 (1.57) | F=0.15 | ηp2=0.05 |
| WAIS-IV Letter Number Task | 11.92 (2.56) | 12.08 (3.37) | F=0.15 | ηp2=0.003 |
| Clinical | ||||
| YMRS | 1.50 (1.72) | 1.04 (1.46) | F=1.02 | ηp2=0.17 |
| IDS-C | 3.58 (2.08) | 1.40 (1.47) | F=18.07* | ηp2=0.99 |
| GAF | 70.63 (10.75) | 88.96 (3.93) | F=63.84* | ηp2=0.58 |
| Age at Onset (Yrs) | 16.33 (7.14) | -- | -- | -- |
| Illness Duration (Yrs) | 14.78 (11.45) | -- | -- | -- |
| # Comorbid Disorders | 0.42 (0.65) | -- | -- | -- |
| # Depressive Episodes | 13.00 (19.13) | -- | -- | -- |
| # Manic Episodes | 16.69 (37.40) | -- | -- | -- |
| # Antidepressants | 0.33 (0.56) | -- | -- | -- |
| # Lithium | 0.20 (0.41) | -- | -- | -- |
| # Benzodiazepines | 0.13 (0.34) | -- | -- | -- |
| # Typical Neuroleptics | 0.00 (0.00) | -- | -- | -- |
| # Atypical Neuroleptics | 0.21 (0.41) | -- | -- | -- |
Note: BD=Bipolar disorder group; HC=Healthy control group; MMSE=Mini Mental State Exam; WAIS-IV Letter Number Task =Letter-Number Sequencing subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV; YMRS=Young Mania Rating Scale; IDS-C=Inventory of Depressive Symptoms – Clinician Rated; Age at Onset=Age of BD Onset; # Manic Episodes=Number of Lifetime Manic Episodes; # Depressive Episodes=Number of Lifetime Major Depressive Episodes; # Comorbid Disorders=Number of Comorbid DSM-IV-TR Axis I Diagnoses; Mean values are displayed with standard deviations in parentheses where applicable. Clinical information collected at initial laboratory visit.
*
p<0.05 comparison of BD and HC groups.