Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of study cohorts
| Experiment 1: Loss aversion |
Experiment 2: Delay discounting |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 58) | Alzheimer’s disease (n = 21) | bvFTD (n = 25) | svPPA (n = 10)a | F-test P | Control (n = 54) | Alzheimer (n = 14) | bvFTD (n = 14) | svPPA (n = 13)b | F-test P | |
| Gender (M/F) | 32/26 | 10/11 | 14/11 | 7/3 | 0.72 | 27/27 | 6/8 | 6/8 | 7/6 | 0.91 |
| Age (y) | 68.2 (7.4) | 65.7 (11.1) | 64.0 (7.9) | 64.3 (6.4) | 0.13 | 67.6 (7.1) | 63.0 (9.8) | 62.3 (6.6) | 65.2 (6.1) | 0.041 |
| Education (y) | 17.8 (1.9) | 18.3 (4.1) | 16.9 (3.4) | 17.1 (4.1) | 0.39 | 17.7 (1.9) | 17.4 (2.7) | 16.6 (3.5) | 16.3 (3.7) | 0.24 |
| MMSE (30) | 29.3 (1.0) | 21.7 (5.7) | 25.6 (3.0) | 25.5 (2.5) | <0.0001 | 29.4 (1.0) | 19.8 (7.6) | 26.3 (3.0) | 23.6 (4.0) | <0.0001 |
| Clinical Dementia Rating Total | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.5) | 0.7 (0.4) | <0.0001 | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.5) | 0.7 (.5) | <0.0001 |
| Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes | 0.0 (0.2) | 5.0 (2.7) | 7.0 (2.6) | 4.0 (2.8) | <0.0001 | 0.0 (0.1) | 5.3 (2.3) | 6.5 (2.7) | 4.2 (2.8) | <0.0001 |
| Memory: Modified Rey-Osterreith Delay (17) | 12.5 (3.1) [43/58] | 4.0 (4.0) [19/21] | 8.7 (4.4) [25/25] | 7.9 (2.6) [10/10] | <0.0001 | 12.5 (3.0) [41/54] | 3.6 (3.0) [12/14] | 8.6 (4.2) [14/14] | 7.6 (3.1) [12/13] | <0.0001 |
| Language: Boston naming test (15) | 14.6 (0.7) [42/58] | 11.6 (2.8) [20/21] | 13.7 (1.1) [25/25] | 5.9 (3.6) [9/10] | <0.0001 | 14.7 (0.7) [45/54] | 10.8 (3.2) [12/14] | 13.6 (1.2) [14/14] | 4.5 (3.5) [11/13] | <0.0001 |
| Executive: Digit span backwards | 5.6 (1.4) [57/58] | 3.7 (1.6) [20/21] | 4.0 (1.1) [25/25] | 5.0 (0.9) [10/10] | <0.0001 | 5.6 (1.4) [54/54] | 2.9 (1.7) [13/14] | 3.9 (1.0) [14/14] | 4.8 (1.3) [12/13] | <0.0001 |
| Executive: Modified trails time (s) | 23.6 (9.1) [57/58] | 80.6 (38.4) [20/21] | 64.4 (40.3) [24/25] | 37.9 (11.9) [10/10] | <0.0001 | 23.3 (9.2) [54/54] | 92.8 (30.2) [12/14] | 56.6 (44.5) [13/14] | 41.0 (11.4) [12/13] | <0.0001 |
| Executive: letter fluency | 17.1 (4.6) [57/58] | 9.4 (5.7) [20/21] | 9.6 (6.1) [25/25] | 9.8 (4.9) [10/10] | <0.0001 | 17.4 (4.5) [54/54] | 8.1 (4.9) [13/14] | 9.1 (5.3) [14/14] | 8.9 (3.5) [12/13] | <0.0001 |
| Emotion: Affect matching (16) | 12.5 (1.8) [37/58] | 12.3 (1.9) [20/21] | 10.2 (3.1) [25/25] | 10.6 (2.1) [10/10] | 0.0007 | 12.7 (1.7) [36/54] | 12.4 (1.6) [11/14] | 10.4 (3.4) [14/14] | 10.2 (2.1) [12/13] | 0.0007 |
Values represent mean (SD). For neuropsychological tests, numbers in square brackets represent the number of subjects for whom data are available.
aFour right-predominant.
bSix right-predominant.