Table 1.

Main adipokines release by EAT and other tissues.

Adipokines	Production tissue	Mainly associated function	References
Anti-inflammatory
Adiponectin	Adipose tissue	Oxidation and transport of fatty acid	[49, 50]
Adrenomedullin	Adipose tissue Adrenal medulla Heart Lung Kidney	Increase in cytosolic Ca2+  ET-1 inhibition NF-κβ inhibition	[51–58]
Omentin	Adipose tissue (specially in epicardial fat)	Akt-phosphorylation in isolated blood vessels, vascular smooth muscle cells, and microvascular endothelial cells Enhancing insulin-mediated Akt-phosphorylation and glucose uptake in adipocytes	[41]
Proinflammatory
TNF-α	Adipose tissue Immune system cell	Cellular proliferation NF-κβ translocation Inhibition of adiponectin secretion Lipolysis induction	[59–64]
IL-6
IL-1
IL-8
Resistin	Adipose tissue Blood mononuclear cells Macrophages	Insulin resistance Angiogenesis Thrombosis Vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation	[42]
Visfatin	Adipose tissue	Cell proliferation Monocyte/macrophage activation and recruitment Vascular inflammation and remodeling Insulin-mimetic Fat-secreted factor?	[43]