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. 2016 May 10;10:53. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00053

Table 3.

Synopsis of activated brain areas after noxious stimulation.

Reference Site of stimulation Medial dorsal thalamus S1 S2 ACC Insular cortical regions Precentral gyrus
May et al. (1998) Subcutaneous capsaicin injection into the forehead Contralateral N/A N/A Ipsilateral BilateralB N/A
DaSilva et al. (2002) Cutaneous thermal stimulation of right V1 region Contralateral Contralateral N/A N/A N/A N/A
Cutaneous thermal stimulation of right V2 region Contralateral Contralateral N/A N/A N/A N/A
Cutaneous thermal stimulation of right V3 region Contralateral Contralateral N/A N/A N/A N/A
Brooks et al. (2005) Cutaneous thermal stimulation of the area below the right lower lip Small activationsE N/A Bilateral N/A ContralateralD N/A
Cutaneous thermal stimulation of the dorsum of the right hand Small activationsE N/A Bilateral N/A ContralateralD N/A
Cutaneous thermal stimulation of the dorsum of the right foot N/A N/A Bilateral N/A ContralateralD N/A
Jantsch et al. (2005) Pneumatic mechanical stimulation of the middle phalanx N/A ContralateralA Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Contra-lateral
Constant electrical dental stimulation N/A Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Contra-lateral
de Leeuw et al. (2006) Cutaneous thermal stimulation of the skin area overlying the left masseter muscle Bilateral Contra-lateral N/A Bilateral Bilateral Ipsilateral
Ettlin et al. (2009) Electrical dental stimulation of one randomly selected canine with randomized intervals N/A N/A N/A Small activationsE Small activationsB,E Small activationsE
Nash et al. (2010) Subcutaneous hypertonic saline injection into the skin overlying the right masseter muscle and into the central belly of the right masseter muscle Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral N/A N/A N/A
Weigelt et al. (2010) Constant electrical pulpal stimulation Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral

N/A, not available from full text; AHand-area on S1; BAnterior insular cortex; CMedial insular cortex; DPosterior insular cortex; EAuthor does not specify the results.