Table 1. Characteristics of cohort participants at follow-up I interview (1999–2004) in the two analyses: The Singapore Chinese Health Study.
| Characteristics | Analysis 1: diabetes to incident gout | Analysis 2: gout to incident diabetes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with baseline diabetes | Participants without diabetes | P value* | Participants with baseline gout | Participants without gout | P value* | |
| Number of participants | 3849 (12.4) | 27288 (87.6) | 1194 (4.2) | 27474 (95.8) | ||
| Age, y | 62.1 ± 7.2 | 60.3 ± 7.3 | <0.001 | 60.3 ± 7.2 | 60.3 ± 7.3 | 0.82 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.2 ± 3.5 | 22.9 ± 3.4 | <0.001 | 24.6 ± 3.5 | 23.0 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
| Male | 1529 (39.7) | 10856 (39.8) | 0.94 | 744 (62.3) | 10950 (39.9) | < 0.001 |
| Cantonese Dialect | 1871 (48.6) | 13589 (49.8) | 0.17 | 580 (48.6) | 13688 (49.8) | 0.40 |
| Hypertension | 2393 (62.2) | 9004 (33.0) | < 0.001 | 668 (56.0) | 9103 (33.1) | < 0.001 |
| Education level | <0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 1075 (27.9) | 6258 (22.9) | 151 (12.7) | 6285 (22.9) | ||
| Primary school | 1770 (46.0) | 12204 (44.7) | 510 (42.7) | 12284 (44.7) | ||
| Secondary school or higher | 1004 (26.1) | 8826 (32.3) | 533 (44.6) | 8905 (32.4) | ||
| Smoking status | <0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Never | 2773 (72.0) | 19921 (73.0) | 772 (64.7) | 20045 (73.0) | ||
| Former | 604 (15.7) | 3267 (12.0) | 263 (22.0) | 3303 (12.0) | ||
| Current | 472 (13.3) | 4100 (15.0) | 159 (13.3) | 4126 (15.0) | ||
| Moderate physical activity | 0.98 | < 0.001 | ||||
| <0.5 hours/week | 3016 (78.4) | 21356 (78.3) | 854 (71.5) | 21497 (78.2) | ||
| 0.5–3.9 hours/week | 545 (14.2) | 3864 (14.2) | 218 (18.3) | 3896 (14.2) | ||
| ≥4 hours/week | 288 (7.5) | 2068 (7.6) | 122 (10.2) | 2081 (7.6) | ||
| Weekly strenuous sports | <0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| <0.5 hours/week | 3602 (93.6) | 24996 (91.6) | 1025 (85.8) | 27172 (91.6) | ||
| ≥0.5 hours/week | 247 (6.4) | 2292 (8.4) | 169 (14.2) | 2302 (8.4) | ||
| Weekly vigorous work | <0.001 | 0.01 | ||||
| <0.5 hours/week | 3582 (93.1) | 24951 (91.4) | 1066 (89.3) | 25114 (91.4) | ||
| ≥0.5 hours/week | 267 (6.9) | 2337 (8.6) | 128 (10.7) | 2360 (8.6) | ||
| Alcohol intake | <0.001 | 0.03 | ||||
| Abstainers | 3579 (93.0) | 24202 (88.7) | 1029 (86.2) | 24357 (88.7) | ||
| Weekly drinkers | 222 (5.8) | 2264 (8.3) | 119 (10.0) | 2285 (8.3) | ||
| Daily drinkers | 48 (1.3) | 822 (3.0) | 46 (3.9) | 832 (3.0) | ||
Values are shown in mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
*P value was calculated by t-test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables.