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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 10.
Published in final edited form as: Bone Marrow Transplant. 2015 Dec 7;51(3):333–343. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2015.301

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Human dendritic cell development. Classical (cDC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) derive from a common DC precursor (CDP) cell distinct from monocyte or inflammatory dendritic cells (Mo-DC) that derive from the same common monocyte precursor that macrophages and monocytes arise. Both the common DC and monocyte precursor cells differentiate from common and myeloid progenitor cells (not shown), which arise from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Plasmacytoid and monocyte DC development is dependent upon the hematopoietic cytokines, fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), respectively. Specifically, FL induces expression of the transcription factor E2-2, which is essential for committing CDP to the pDC lineage. In contrast, GM-CSF induces the transcription factor inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2), which represses E2-2 expression, inhibiting pDC development.