Table 4.
Number of service users, annual number of contacts and costs per person for all individuals among everyone in the sample and by multimorbidity group
| Service users | Total study sample | 2 or more chronic conditions | 1 chronic condition | No chronic conditions | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthcare services | n (%) | Contacts | Costs | Contacts | Costs | Contacts | Costs | Contacts | Costs |
| Direct Medical Care | |||||||||
| Primary care (polyclinic doctor) | 1,082 (42 %) | 2.4 (0.2) | S$231 (19) | 3.0 (0.2) | S$303 (29) | 2.3 (0.5) | S$202 (42) | 1.1 (0.5) | S$81 (12) |
| Restructured hospital doctor | 749 (29 %) | 2.3 (0.2) | S$692 (55) | 3.2 (0.3) | S$1019 (96) | 1.3 (0.2) | S$357 (57) | 1.6 (0.6) | S$329 (86) |
| Other restructured hospital health worker | 121 (40 %) | 0.5 (0.5) | S$31 (7) | 0.7 (0.2) | S$47 (13) | 0.3 (0.1) | S$19 (7) | 0.1 (0.1) | S$5 (3) |
| Private hospital/clinic doctor | 655 (27 %) | 1.7 (0.1) | S$208 (66) | 1.9 (0.1) | S$254 (108) | 1.8 (0.2) | S$224 (121) | 1.1 (0.2) | S$63 (13) |
| Other private health worker | 29 (2 %) | 0.3 (0) | S$72 (38) | 0.5 (0.2) | S$60 (26) | 0.2 (0.1) | S$123 (121) | 0.2 (0.1) | S$29 (18) |
| Dentist | 215 (12 %) | 0.7 (0.1) | S$369 (151) | 0.8 (0.1) | S$146 (36) | 0.7 (0.1) | S$940 (511) | 0.5 (0.1) | S$101 (45) |
| Traditional healer | 144 (10 %) | 1.8 (0.3) | S$59 (12) | 2.4 (0.5) | S$75 (21) | 1.3 (0.3) | S$49 (15) | 0.8 (0.2) | S$33 (11) |
| Hospital days | 156 (4 %) | 1.6 (0.3) | S$1,692 (339) | 2.7 (0.6) | S$2,920 (638) | 0.5 (0.2) | S$587 (263) | 0.1 (0) | S$93 (46) |
| A&E | 135 (4 %) | n/a | S$128 (40) | n/a | S$153 (46) | n/a | S$152 (109) | n/a | S$23 (13) |
| Medication | 2,109 (81 %) | n/a | S$478 (47) | n/a | S$675 (89) | n/a | S$345 (34) | n/a | S$153 (19) |
| Intermediate and Long-Term Care | |||||||||
| Day care centre | 19 (1 %) | 1.1 (0.4) | S$49 (16) | 1.7 (0.6) | S$75 (29) | 0.9 (0.6) | S$34 (22) | 0 | 0 |
| Respite care, Nursing home | 24 (1 %) | 1.8 (0.5) | S$381 (107) | 2.2 (0.8) | S$484 (169) | 1.4 (0.9) | S$298 (188) | 1.1 (0.7) | S$231 (155) |
| Indirect Medical Care | |||||||||
| Travelling | 104 (0 %) | n/a | S$94 (10) | n/a | S$131 (18) | n/a | S$66 (13) | n/a | S$36 (9) |
| Accompanying | 104 (0 %) | n/a | S$240 (20) | n/a | S$325 (36) | n/a | S$181 (24) | n/a | S$102 (15) |
| Social Care | |||||||||
| ADL (hours) Informal Care | |||||||||
| Dressing | 166 (3 %) | 13.7 (1.9) | S$248 (34) | 22.1 (3.5) | S$398 (63) | 4.1 (1.2) | S$83 (26) | 5.8 (2.6) | S$101 (44) |
| Feeding | 248 (5 %) | 24.7 (2.8) | S$451 (50) | 38.3 (5.1) | S$692 (90) | 10.1 (2.3) | S$190 (45) | 10.8 (3.6) | S$203 (69) |
| Grooming | 130 (2 %) | 11.7 (2.1) | S$207 (37) | 20.6 (4.1) | S$360 (70) | 2.2 (0.9) | S$43 (18) | 2.5 (1.1) | S$47 (20) |
| Toileting | 151 (3 %) | 15.2 (2.5) | S$275 (44) | 25.4 (4.7) | S$462 (83) | 3.9 (1.3) | S$75 (26) | 4.9 (2.3) | S$82 (39) |
| Bathing | 167 (3 %) | 16 (2.4) | S$298 (48) | 23.7 (4.4) | S$441 (87) | 9 (2.5) | S$165 (45) | 6.1 (2.9) | S$114 (58) |
| IADL (hours) Informal Care | |||||||||
| Communication | 292 (6 %) | 60.2 (9.1) | S$1111 (164) | 94.1 (17) | S$1,744 (308) | 28.5 (7.5) | S$505 (128) | 18.1 (5) | S$340 (93) |
| Transportation | 94 (2 %) | 14.8 (2.7) | S$271 (49) | 25.6 (5.2) | S$467 (92) | 4.7 (1.6) | S$88 (29) | 1.2 (0.7) | S$23 (13) |
| Supervision | 151 (3 %) | 57.1 (14.9) | S$1076 (282) | 98.6 (28.5) | S$1,856 (540) | 14.6 (6.3) | S$266 (112) | 10.5 (6.3) | S$222 (141) |
| Paid Care | |||||||||
| Paid care (during day time) | 309 (0 %) | 21.2 (1.7) | S$852 (69) | 32.6 (3.1) | S$1,312 (125) | 11.3 (2.3) | S$455 (94) | 5.6 (1.7) | S$227 (67) |
| Paid care (during night time) | 189 (0 %) | 11.5 (1.3) | S$464 (53) | 18.6 (2.5) | S$747 (99) | 4 (1.1) | S$162 (46) | 4.2 (1.2) | S$168 (49) |
All differences in service use between groups were statistically significant, apart from contacts to private health worker, dentist, and respite care
All differences in costs between groups were statistically significant, apart from costs of private doctor, private health worker, dentist, traditional healer, A&E, and respite care
ADL Activities of Daily Living, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living