Table 3.

Multivariable logistic regression with longitudinal serum uric acid change (ΔUA) from baseline to seven years later as a predictor of the metabolic syndrome and its components after seven years. The odds ratio (OR) is per 59 μmol/L UA increase. The group includes the subjects without MetS at baseline

	Number	Cases	OR	95 % CI	P value
Risk of elevated blood pressure	3507	2693	1.16	[1.02–1.31]	0.021
Risk of elevated triglycerides	3507	888	1.20	[1.10–1.31]	<0.001
Risk of low HDL	3506	528	1.18	[1.07–1.31]	0.001
Risk of elevated fasting glucose	3506	320	0.97	[0.86–1.10]	0.636
Risk of central obesity	3484	978	1.49	[1.33–1.66]	<0.001
Risk of MetS	3477	586	1.28	[1.16–1.42]	<0.001

Covariates: sex, age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, current smoking, physical activity, HbA1c, eGFR, alcohol consumption, use of diuretics, waist circumference, baseline UA

Elevated blood pressure = blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mm Hg or treated for hypertension, elevated triglycerides = triglycerides ≥ 2.28 mmol/L if time since last meal <4 h and ≥1.7 mmol/L if time since last meal ≥4 h or use of lipid lowering drugs, low HDL = HDL < 1.03 mmol/L in men or <1.30 mmol/L in women, elevated fasting glucose = glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L if time since last meal <4 h and ≥5.6 mmol/L if time since last meal ≥4 h or treated for elevated glucose, central obesity = waist circumference ≥ 102 cm in men or ≥88 cm in women, MetS = three or more MetS components

Abbreviations: ΔUA uric acid change, UA uric acid, OR odds ratio, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HBA1c hemoglobin A1c, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, MetS metabolic syndrome