Table 4. Incidence of late VKDB/HDN in the population.
| Study, year of study | Country, method | Route and dose of vitamin K in vitamin K prophylaxis group | Incidence in vitamin K prophylaxis group (per 100 000 live births; 95% CI) | Incidence in no prophylaxis group (per 100 000 live births; 95% CI) | RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanawa et al.,11 1981–1985 Takahashi et al.,12 1999–2004 | Japan; large pediatric hospital survey 1981 (first) 1985 (second) 1985–1988 (third) 1988–1990 (fourth) | Not clear in first survey; in later surveys: oral (days 1, 7 and 28) | 2.8 (2.0–3.8) 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | 10.5 (7.0–15.0)a | — |
| von Kriesb,13 1988–1989 | Germany; pediatric hospital survey | Oral: 1–2 mg IM or SC: 1 mg | IM: 0.25 (0.3–1.3) oral: 1.4 (0.2–5.2) | 7.2 (3.5–13.3) | IM/SC vs no: 0.03 (0.004–0.25) oral vs no: 0.2 (0.04–0.91) |
| McNinch and Tripp,14 1988–1990 | British Isles; pediatrician-based surveillance | Oral: 1–2 mg IM: 1 mg | IM: 0 (0–0.4) oral: 1.5 (0.6–3.2) | 4.4 (2.0–8.4) | IM/SC vs no: 0.01 (0.001–0.21) oral vs no: 0.35 (0.13–0.93) |
| Chuansumrit et al.,15 1981–1995 | Thailand; nationwide hospital survey: 1981–1984 1988–1995 | 2 mg orally for normal infants and 0.5–1 mg IM for sick neonates | 4.2–7.8 | 72.0 | Not available |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HDN, hemorrhage disease of the newborn; IM, intramuscular; RR, relative risk; SC, subcutaneous; VKDB, vitamin K deficiency bleeding.
a
Full text could not be retrieved; refers to the year of publication.
b
The published study reported all forms of VKDB–data provided here (on late VKDB) are from the review by von Kries.13