Table 5.
Results for primary and secondary outcome variables
| Baseline | 10 weeks intervention | 12 weeks home practice | P-value for interaction between interventions and time | Overall test for the effect of time | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||
| Group A | Group B | Group A | Group B | P-value for pooled differences to baseline | Group A | Group B | P-value for pooled difference to baseline | ||||
| Mean headache frequency/28 days | N | 24 | 25 | 20 | 21 | 20 | 19 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 19.6 (9.6) | 19.2 (9.6) | 17.6 (11.3) | 17.9 (11.6) | 17.1 (11.3) | 17.8 (12.1) | |||||
| Median (1–3 qrt) | 22 (13.5–28.0) | 24 (11.0–28.0) | 21.0 (4.5–28.0) | 26.0 (5.0–28.0) | 0.001* | 20.0 (4.5–28.0) | 26.0 (4.0–28.0) | 0.001* | 0.89 | 0.001* | |
| Mean VASscore_28 days | N | 24 | 25 | 20 | 21 | 20 | 19 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.5 (1.5) | 4.5 (1.7) | 4.2 (2.1) | 4.4 (1.8) | – | 4.1 (2.2) | 4.1 (2.0) | – | 0.82 | 0.46 | |
| Median (1–3 qrt) | 4.7 (3.2–5.5) | 4.3 (3.4–5.6) | 3.7 (2.8–6.0) | 4.5 (3.2–5.5) | 4.2 (2.6–5.4) | 4.0 (2.6–6.0) | |||||
| Mean headache duration_24 hours | N | 17 | 24 | 18 | 20 | 18 | 16 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.7 (8.2) | 11.8 (9.4) | 11.3 (8.7) | 10.0 (8.8) | 11.1 (9.0) | 8.4 (8.8) | |||||
| Median (1–3 qrt) | 8.0 (4.1–13.8) | 9.3 (3.7–24.0) | 7.6 (3.6–22.6) | 6.2 (4.5–18.5) | 0.021* | 6.6 (3.7–24.0) | 5.7 (1.2–13.4) | 0.022* | 0.26 | 0.030* | |
| Mean peak neck extension MVC (N×10−1) | N | 24 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.0 (3.5) | 9.8 (3.4) | 8.8 (3.4) | 8.8 (2.9) | <0.001* | 8.2 (3.3) | 8.0 (2.7) | <0.001* | 0.70 | <0.001* | |
| Median (1–3 qrt) | 9.6 (7.4–12.6) | 10.0 (7.3–12.6) | 8.0 (6.7–11.3) | 8.1 (7.0–10.3) | 8.0 (5.7–10.0) | 7.9 (6.2–8.9) | |||||
| Mean peak neck flexion MVC (N×10−1) | N | 24 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.6 (2.2) | 5.5 (1.8) | 5.1 (2.1) | 5.0 (1.3) | 0.048* | 5.0 (2.4) | 4.7 (1.1) | 0.006* | 0.62 | 0.016* | |
| Median (1–3 qrt) | 5.4 (4.3–7.0) | 5.5 (4.5–6.7) | 5.0 (3.7–6.2) | 5.1 (4.1–5.6) | 4.4 (3.3–6.9) | 4.7 (3.9–5.5) | |||||
| Mean peak shoulderMVC (N×10−1) | N | 24 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.2 (1.4) | 5.0 (1.4) | 5.0 (1.3) | 5.2 (1.2)– | – | 5.0 (1.3) | 4.8 (0.9) | – | 0.42 | 0.12 | |
| Median (1–3 qrt) | 5.4 (4.6–6.5) | 4.9 (4.3–5.9) | 5.0 (4.1–5.8) | 5.3 (4.5–6.0) | 5.4 (4.0–5.9) | 4.7 (4.3–5.2) | |||||
| Mean peak RFD (N×10−1 s−1) | N | 24 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 18.9 (9.3) | 16.6 (7.8) | 16.6 (7.1) | 17.1 (7.5) | – | 17.4 (8.5) | 17.7 (6.7) | – | 0.78 | 0.86 | |
| Median (1–3 qrt) | 18.5 (12.0–23.0) | 15.0 (11.0–20.0) | 17.5 (10.5–20.0) | 16.5 (11.5–22.0) | 15.5 (10.5–21.5) | 17.0 (12.0–25.0) | |||||
| Mean TTS (0–42) | N | 24 | 25 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 19 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 19.6 (7.7) | 21.6 (8.8) | 22.4 (7.3) | 25.1 (7.3) | 0.001* | 22.3 (8.4) | 23.5 (8.9) | 0.005* | 0.66 | 0.001* | |
| Median (1–3 qrt) | 19.0 (13.5–25.0) | 21.0 (16.0–27.0) | 22.0 (17.0–27.0) | 26.0 (21.0–32.0) | 24.5 (14.5–29.0) | 23.0 (17.0–31.0) | |||||
| Mean (L min–1) | N | 24 | 25 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 19 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.9 (0.3) | 2.0 (0.4) | 2.0 (1.4) | 2.1 (1.4) | – | 2.0 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.3) | – | 0.39 | 0.26 | |
| Median (1–3 qrt) | 1.8 (1.7–2.0) | 2.0 (1.6–2.3) | 2.0 (1.7–2.1) | 2.1 (1.7–2.3) | – | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | ||||
Notes: P-values of pooled differences between periods versus baseline. P-values for interaction between interventions and overall test for the effect of time. All results adjusted for age and BMI.
*
Significance level ≤0.05.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction; RFD, rate of force development; qrt, quartiles; SD, standard deviation; TTS, Total Tenderness Score; VAS, visual analog scale; , predicted maximal oxygen uptake.