FIG 11.

ISG induction and the anti-HEV activity triggered by nucleotide synthesis inhibitors are independent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The induction of ISGs (A and C) and the anti-HEV effects (B and D) by MPA were quantified in the presence or absence of JAK inhibitor 1 (A and B) or CP-690550 (CP) (C and D). The induction of ISGs was normalized to basal ISG expression without MPA treatment (purple bar; set as 1). The relative HEV RNA levels were normalized to cells without treatment of MPA (set as 1). Similarly, the induction of ISGs (E and G) and the anti-HEV effects (F and H) mediated by BQR were quantified in the presence or absence of JAK inhibitor 1 (E and F) or CP (G and H). The induction of ISGs was normalized to basal ISG expression without BQR treatment (purple bar; set as 1). The relative HEV RNA levels were normalized to cells without BQR treatment (set as 1). Data were normalized to two housekeeping genes and represent means ± SEM from three or four experiments.