FIG 2.

Antiviral activities of dibucaine, pirlindole, zuclopenthixol, and formoterol. (A) HeLa R19 (dibucaine, pirlindole, and formoterol) or BGM (zuclopenthixol) cells transfected with in vitro-transcribed CV-B3 replicon RNA were treated with various concentrations of the indicated compounds either 1 h prior to transfection (−1 h) or 2 h after transfection (2 h). (B) Cells were transfected with in vitro-transcribed RNA encoding Rluc and treated with compound as described above for panel A. Renilla luciferase values were determined 6 h after transfection. For cell viability measurement by MTT assays, cells (uninfected and untransfected) were treated with various concentrations of the indicated compounds, and cell viability was assessed at 7 h and 3 days posttreatment by using an MTT assay as described in Materials and Methods. (C) BGM cells were infected with CV-B3–Rluc for 30 min, after which the inoculum was replaced with medium containing GuHCl in combination with the indicated drugs. The inhibitor concentrations were 2 mM GuHCl, 10 μM pirlindole, 5 μM dibucaine, 10 μM formoterol, and 10 nM OSW-1. Luciferase values were determined at 6 h p.i. RLU, relative luciferase units.