Table 1.
Characteristics of Adults with and without Cerebral Palsy, Ages 18 and Over.
| Without CP (n=206,600) | With CP (n=1,015) | Difference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| Weighted Percentage | 95% CI | Weighted Percentage | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Independent Variables:
| |||||
| Age, years* | 45.38 | 45.07–45.58 | 58.19 | 56.93–59.57 | <0.001 |
| Male, %* | 51.7 | 51.4–52.0 | 65.9 | 61.6–70.3 | <0.001 |
| Weight Status by BMI Category, % | |||||
| Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) | 1.7 | 1.6–1.8 | 2.0 | 0.7–2.9 | 0.861 |
| Normal Weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 34.4 | 34.0–34.9 | 25.4 | 21.9–29.0 | <0.001 |
| Overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) | 34.2 | 33.8–34.5 | 31.2 | 27.7–34.8 | 0.114 |
| Obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) | 29.7 | 29.3–30.1 | 41.4 | 37.2–45.6 | <0.001 |
| Physical Disability Status | |||||
| Minor or No Disability | 82.0 | 81.5–82.4 | 48.7 | 44.3–53.3 | <0.001 |
| Moderate Physical Disability | 4.9 | 4.7–5.1 | 8.9 | 6.7–11.1 | <0.001 |
| Severe Physical Disability | 11.3 | 10.9–11.6 | 40.6 | 36.4–44.8 | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White* | 69.0 | 67.8–70.1 | 92.7 | 90.7–94.7 | <0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic Black* | 11.3 | 10.6–12.0 | 2.5 | 1.5–3.7 | <0.001 |
| Hispanic or Mexican American* | 13.2 | 12.4–14.1 | 2.4 | 1.5–3.3 | <0.001 |
| Other Race* | 6.5 | 6.0–7.0 | 2.3 | 0.9–3.7 | <0.001 |
| Type of Insurance, % | |||||
| Any private insurance | 70.4 | 69.7–71.1 | 68.0 | 63.9–72.1 | 0.199 |
| Public insurance only* | 14.9 | 14.5–15.5 | 28.4 | 24.9–32.3 | <0.001 |
| No insurance* | 14.6 | 14.1–15.1 | 3.4 | 1.9–4.9 | <0.001 |
| Geographic Region, % | |||||
| Northeast* | 18.7 | 17.8–19.7 | 13.4 | 9.9–17.0 | 0.003 |
| Midwest | 22.2 | 21.0–23.3 | 26.3 | 22.3–30.3 | 0.063 |
| South | 36.2 | 34.9–37.6 | 38.1 | 33.5–42.7 | 0.359 |
| West | 22.9 | 21.6–24.1 | 22.1 | 18.3–25.9 | 0.736 |
| MSA, %* | 83.1 | 81.7–84.6 | 76.1 | 71.7–80.5 | 0.002 |
| Good Health, %* | 87.1 | 86.7–87.4 | 65.5 | 61.6–69.4 | <0.001 |
| Good Mental Health, %* | 92.8 | 92.6–93.1 | 80.2 | 77.1–83.2 | <0.001 |
| Regular Physical Activity (≥3 Days Per Week) | 57.7 | 57.1–58.3 | 39.0 | 35.2–42.7 | <0.001 |
| Smoker | 20.4 | 20.0–20.9 | 19.7 | 16.4–23.1 | 0.695 |
|
| |||||
| Dependent Variables: Age-Adjusted Prevalence, % |
|||||
|
| |||||
| Diabetes* | 6.3 | 6.1–6.5 | 9.2 | 7.4–11.1 | <0.001 |
| Asthma* | 9.4 | 9.1–9.7 | 20.7 | 17.3–24.2 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension* | 22.1 | 21.8–22.4 | 30.0 | 26.1–33.5 | <0.001 |
| Other Heart Conditions* | 9.1 | 8.9–9.3 | 15.1 | 12.9–17.4 | <0.001 |
| Stroke* | 2.3 | 2.2–2.4 | 4.6 | 3.5–5.7 | <0.001 |
| Emphysema* | 1.4 | 1.3–1.5 | 3.8 | 2.6–4.9 | <0.001 |
| Joint pain* | 28.0 | 27.5–28.5 | 43.6 | 39.4–47.7 | <0.001 |
| Arthritis* | 17.4 | 17.1–17.7 | 31.4 | 28.3–34.5 | <0.001 |
Note: The variables listed are the explanatory variables in the estimated regression models. For all analyses we adjusted data for the clustered and stratified survey design of MEPS, and weighted all estimates using the supplied weight by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
Note: For race/ethnicity, we considered individuals of any race claiming to be of Hispanic origin as Hispanic or Mexican American. Others were classified as Non-Hispanic black, Non-Hispanic white, or other race, by their responses to the question about race.
Note: Variable-specific nonresponse rates generally ranged from 0–3%. Several variables, including body mass index (BMI), physical disability, physical activity participation, and smoking status showed nonresponse rates in the 5–15% range. For these and all other independent variables, we used a multiple imputation technique to estimate missing values. Five complete sets of data were created to allow for re-estimation of regression models, as well as re-estimation of prevalence of chronic conditions for each complete set of data. Thereafter, average estimates were used in order to incorporate the uncertainty of the missing data into the standard errors. After controlling for missing data and cases with non-positive weights, the final sample sizes for each regression model ranged between 199,048 and 201,801 individuals.
Note: There were no significant differences between adults with CP compared to adults without CP for weighted percentages of marital status, highest levels of education, household income status, or smoking status.
Source: Data comes from the household and condition files of the 2002–2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.