Table 1. Demographic and clinical findings of the patients in this study.
| Parameters | Total # evaluated, % (N) | EBV positive, % (N) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Fisher’s exact Test | |||||
| < 5 years | 52.8 | (420/796) | 33.8 | (142/420/) | ← | |
| 5–15 years | 32.5 | (259/796) | 26.3 | (68/259) | 0.039* | |
| > 15 years | 14.7 | (117/796) | 18.8 | (22/117) | 0.002* | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 49.6 | (395/796) | 31.4 | (124/395) | 0.185* | |
| Female | 50.4 | (401/796) | 26.9 | (108/401) | ||
| Region of residence | ||||||
| Lake Victoria basin | 39.7 | (316/796) | 36.4 | (115/316) | ← | |
| Kisii highland | 43.0 | (342/796) | 24.6 | (84/342) | 0.001* | |
| Coastal region | 6.8 | (54/796) | 22.2 | (12/54) | 0.045* | |
| Semi-Arid region | 10.6 | (84/796) | 25.0 | (21/84) | 0.051* | |
| Symptomsa | Odds Ratio | |||||
| Chills | 46.7 | (337/721) | 47.6 | (97/204) | 0.948 | 0.98 |
| Cough | 63.7 | (506/794) | 66.4 | (154/232) | 0.488 | 0.82 |
| Difficulty breathing | 6.2 | (49/790) | 6.5 | (15/231) | 0.619 | 1.30 |
| Sore throat | 26.5 | (153/577) | 23.7 | (36/152) | 0.385 | 0.76 |
| Headache | 74.4 | (409/550) | 72.2 | (104/144) | 0.879 | 1.05 |
| Joint aches | 34.2 | (190/555) | 34.3 | (49/143) | 0.463 | 1.30 |
| Rash | 5.0 | (39/775) | 6.8 | (15/221) | 0.157 | 2.06 |
| Runny nose | 50.5 | (395/782) | 56.6 | (128/226) | 0.162 | 1.49 |
| Eye pain | 9.3 | (70/751) | 9.3 | (20/214) | 0.641 | 0.83 |
| Seizures | 2.2 | (17/775) | 2.7 | (6/225) | 0.299 | 2.34 |
| Abdominal pain | 46.2 | (292/632) | 41.4 | (72/174) | 0.216 | 0.72 |
| Vomiting | 28.3 | (224/792) | 30.6 | (70/229) | 0.436 | 1.24 |
| Diarrhea | 16.1 | (128/795) | 16.5 | (38/231) | 0.992 | 1.00 |
| Blood in stool | 2.0 | (16/785) | 0.87 | (2/229) | 0.339 | 0.34 |
| Bleeding | 1.5 | (12/796) | 1.3 | (3/232) | 0.736 | 0.67 |
| Muscle aches | 19.9 | (99/497) | 21.2 | (25/118) | 0.78 | 1.11 |
| Jaundice | 2.7 | (18/674) | 3.0 | (6/195) | 0.834 | 0.83 |
| Sputum production | 7.5 | (46/624) | 8.7 | (14/161) | 0.599 | 0.78 |
The geometric mean ages of patients was 4 years (range: 1–80 years)
aData missing for some patients
←Referent category
*p-value calculated using Fisher’s exact test
Associations between clinical symptoms and EBV status were evaluated using multiple logistic regression