Association of HAP and VesC with V. cholerae OMVs by immunoblot analysis. (A) Ten percent SDS-PAGE profile of the OMVs of Vibrio cholerae strains C6709 (lane 3), CHA6.8 (lane 4), CHA6.8 ΔprtV (lane 5), CHA6.8 ΔprtV ΔVC1649 (lane 6), and Comp VC1649 (complemented) (lane 7). Five micrograms of purified HAP was resolved in lane 2, and a prestained protein ladder (Thermo Fisher, USA) is in lane 1. (B) Immunoblot analyses with OMVs from C6709 and CHA6.8 and whole-cell lysates from the respective strains against HAP antiserum. Purified 45-kDa and 35-kDa HAP and concentrated OMV-free culture supernatant of C6709 were used as positive controls. (C) Immunoblot analyses with OMVs of C6709 and its isogenic protease mutants against VesC antiserum.