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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Immunol. 2015 Nov 30;28(1):22–27. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.002

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Cancer immunotherapy targeting neoantigens by the adoptive transfer of genetically-modified T cells. In this proposed study, a tumor will be surgically resected from a cancer patient. Part of the tumor specimen will be subjected to whole-exome sequencing to identify nonsynonymous mutations. The rest of the tumor specimen will be used to grow TILs. Potential neoantigens will be identified by minigene or peptide screening approach described in the text. Neoantigen-specific TCRs will be isolated and introduced into patient’s peripheral blood T cells. These genetically-modified T cells will be adoptively transferred back to the patient to fight cancer. A neoantigen cancer vaccines will be injected to enhance the strength and persistence of T cells.