Table 1.

Sociodemographic Characteristics, HIV Risk Behaviors and Disease Outcomes Among PWID in NYC by Place of Birth, Puerto Rican Ancestry and PR Migration Scale, 2012. N = 481.

	By Place of birth, Puerto Rican ancestry and migration recency2
	Total	U.S.-born Non-Hispanic	U.S.-born Puerto Rican	Long-term PR Immigrant	Medium-term PR Immigrant	Recent PR Immigrant
	481 %	191 %	128 %	82 %	41 %	39 %
Language (interview administration)**
English	91	100	96	87	63	69
Spanish	9	0	4	13	37	31
Gender**
Male	77	70	72	88	93	95
Female	23	30	28	12	7	5
Race/Ethnicity**
Hispanic	60	0	100	100	100	100
White	16	40	0	0	0	0
Black	23	57	0	0	0	0
Other	1	3	0	0	0	0
Age**
18–29	8	11	6	0	5	16
30–39	24	16	23	20	46	51
40–49	38	31	52	38	42	23
50+	30	42	19	42	7	10
Sociodemographics1
Homeless past 12 months*	50	45	52	45	51	72
Currently Homeless**	35	28	40	31	39	54
Household Income <$10K	73	67	74	75	81	84
Incarcerated**	34	40	37	23	37	13
Sexual Risk Behaviors1
Unprotected VA† intercourse (UI)	69	63	74	73	66	74
UI VA w/Casual partner*	32	27	30	42	24	49
≥ 3 total Partners (UI VA)**	25	18	23	31	27	51
Alcohol Use1
Binge Alcohol use**	42	47	50	31	29	23
Binge Alcohol use ≥ x1/week	22	24	27	17	20	8
Non-Injection Drug Use1
NI drug use ≥ x1/week*	44	49	50	33	32	31
NI Crack Use**	25	34	27	12	15	15
Injection Drug Use1
Drug Injection ≥ x1/day*	62	63	55	56	78	80
Drugs Most Injected**
Heroin alone	66	79	67	59	49	33
Speedball	26	13	25	38	46	51
Cocaine alone	7	7	8	4	5	15
Injection Risk Behaviors1
Receptive Syringe Sharing**	26	20	24	24	49	41
Distributive Syringe Sharing*	26	22	22	29	34	41
Receptive/Distributive Syringe Sharing**	34	29	29	33	56	49
Cooker, cotton, water sharing	46	41	45	43	63	56
Disease Outcomes
HIV Seroinfection (n= 462)	12	17	12	12	5	3
HCV Seroinfection (n=447)**	68	58	62	76	98	92

¹Past 12 months;

²Recent = immigrated within the past 3 years, medium-term = immigrated more than 3 years but less than 10 years in the past, and long-term = immigrated more than 10 years ago.

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01.

^†Vaginal/Anal.