Table 5.
Characteristics of the lesions that were approached using primary vs. secondary/tertiary ADR.
| Variable | Overall | Primary ADR | Secondary/ tertiary ADR |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Angiographic and
procedural characteristics and outcomes |
n=458 | n=169 | n=289 | p |
| CTO target vessel: | 0.17 | |||
| RCA (%) | 64.3 | 69.6 | 61.3 | |
| LCX (%) | 14.2 | 10.8 | 16.1 | |
| LAD (%) | 21.5 | 19.6 | 22.6 | |
| CTO length(mm)* | 30 (20-50) | 30 (20-50) | 38 (24.8-56.5) | 0.07 |
| Interventional collaterals (%) |
54.4 | 61.6 | 50.9 | 0.06 |
| Moderate/severe calcification (%) |
60.8 | 53.7 | 64.9 | 0.02 |
| Moderate/severe tortuosity (%) |
39.6 | 31.5 | 44.2 | 0.008 |
| Proximal cap ambiguity (%) |
28.7 | 20.4 | 32.8 | 0.02 |
| In-stent restenosis (%) | 13.5 | 20.3 | 9.4 | 0.001 |
| J-CTO score* | 2.8±1.2 | 2.7±1.2 | 2.8±1.1 | 0.74 |
| IVUS used (%) | 50.2 | 42 | 52.5 | 0.19 |
| Stenting (%) | 84.3 | 91.8 | 79.8 | 0.001 |
| Hemodynamic support (LVAD) (%) |
4.4 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 0.78 |
| Procedure time (min)* | 156.5 (112.3- 216.8) |
116.5 (89.3-158) | 184.5 (127-234) | <0.001 |
| Contrast volume (ml)* | 310 (226-411) | 270 (200-365) | 350 (250-442.5) | <0.001 |
| Dissection strategy | ||||
| CrossBoss (%) | 53.7 | 75.6 | 41 | <0.001 |
| Knuckle wire (%) Successful strategy |
43.5 | 34.5 | 48.6 | 0.003 |
| CrossBoss (%) | 33.8 | 51.8 | 23.5 | <0.001 |
| Knuckle wire (%) | 23.6 | 11.3 | 30.7 | <0.001 |
| Technical success (%) | 86.9 | 91.7 | 84.1 | 0.02 |
| Procedural success (%) |
85 | 90.4 | 81.8 | 0.01 |
| MACE (%) | 2.8 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 0.78 |
| Death (%) | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | >0.99 |
| Myocardial infarction (%) | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1 | >0.99 |
| Stroke (%) | - | - | - | - |
| Emergency re-PCI (%) | 0.2 | 0 | 0.3 | >0.99 |
| Emergency CABG (%) | - | - | - | - |
| Emergency pericardiocentesis (%) |
1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | >0.99 |
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; IVUS, intravascular ultrasound; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention
*
mean±standard deviation or median (interquartile range).