Table 1.
Overview of acetogens.
| Organism | Substrates | Product(s) | Topt(°C) | pHopt | Genome sequence available | GEM available | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MESOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS | |||||||
| Acetobacterium woodii | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate | 30 | 6.8 | Yes | Genthner and Bryant, 1987; Poehlein et al., 2012 | |
| Acetonema longum | H2/CO2 | Acetate, butyrate | 30–33 | 7.8 | Draft | Kane and Breznak, 1991 | |
| Alkalibaculum bacchi | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, ethanol | 37 | 8.0–8.5 | Allen et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2012 | ||
| Butyribacterium methylotrophicum | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, ethanol, butyrate, butanol | 37 | 6 | Zeikus et al., 1980; Lynd et al., 1982; Grethlein et al., 1991 | ||
| Clostridium aceticum | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate | 30 | 8.3 | Yes | Adamse, 1980; Braun et al., 1981; Poehlein et al., 2015 | |
| Clostridium autoethanogenum | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, lactate | 37 | 5.8–6.0 | Yes | Yes | Abrini et al., 1994; Köpke et al., 2011; Brown et al., 2014; Marcellin et al., 2016 |
| Clostridium carboxidivorans or “P7” | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, ethanol, butyrate, butanol, lactate | 38 | 6.2 | Draft | Liou et al., 2005; Bruant et al., 2010 | |
| “Clostridium coskatii” | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, ethanol | 37 | 5.8–6.5 | Zahn and Saxena, 2012 | ||
| Clostridium difficile | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, ethanol, butyrate | 35–40 | 6.5–7.0 | Yes | Rieu-Lesme et al., 1998; Monot et al., 2011; Köpke et al., 2013b | |
| Clostridium drakei | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, ethanol, butyrate | 25–30 | 3.6–6.8 | Draft | Küsel et al., 2000; Liou et al., 2005; Gössner et al., 2008; Jeong et al., 2014; Bengelsdorf et al., 2015 | |
| Clostridium formicoaceticum | CO | Acetate, formate | 37 | NR | Andreese et al., 1970; Diekert and Thauer, 1978; Lux and Drake, 1992 | ||
| Clostridium glycolicum | H2/CO2 | Acetate | 37–40 | 7.0–7.5 | Ohwaki and Hungate, 1977; Küsel et al., 2001 | ||
| Clostridium ljungdahlii | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, lactate | 37 | 6 | Yes | Yes | Tanner et al., 1993; Köpke et al., 2010; Nagarajan et al., 2013 |
| Clostridium magnum | H2/CO2 | Acetate | 30–32 | 7.0 | Schink, 1984; Bomar et al., 1991 | ||
| Clostridium mayombei | H2/CO2 | Acetate | 33 | 7.3 | Kane et al., 1991 | ||
| Clostridium methoxybenzovorans | H2/CO2 | Acetate, formate | 37 | 7.4 | Mechichi et al., 1999 | ||
| “Clostridium ragsdalei” or “P11” | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, lactate | 37 | 6.3 | Huhnke et al., 2008; Köpke et al., 2011 | ||
| Clostridium scatologenes | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, ethanol, butyrate | 37–40 | 5.4–7.5 | Küsel et al., 2000; Liou et al., 2005 | ||
| Eubacterium limosum | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, butyrate | 38–39 | 7.0–7.2 | Yes | Genthner et al., 1981; Genthner and Bryant, 1987; Jeong et al., 2015 | |
| Oxobacter pfennigii | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate, butyrate | 36–38 | 7.3 | Draft | Krumholz and Bryant, 1985 | |
| Blautia productus | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate | 37 | 7 | Lorowitz and Bryant, 1984 | ||
| THERMOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS | |||||||
| Moorella thermoacetica | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate | 55 | 6.5–6.8 | Yes | Yes | Kerby and Zeikus, 1983; Daniel et al., 1990; Pierce et al., 2008 |
| Moorella thermoautotrophica | H2/CO2, CO | Acetate | 58 | 6.1 | Savage et al., 1987 | ||
NR, Not reported; GEM, genome-scale network reconstruction.