Table 3.

Outcome Measures

Concept	Measure	Description of Measure and Reliability and Validity
Cognition	Mini-Cog	Includes a three-item recall test for memory and a scored clock-drawing test (CDT) (Borson et al., 2003). The Mini-Cog has established validity, inter-rater and test-retest reliability.
Comorbidities	Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)	Includes 19 diseases that were weighted and summed (Charlson et al., 1987). Prior use demonstrated predictive validity, test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability.
Pain	Verbal Descriptor Scale	Provides patients with the opportunity to describe pain [none (1) to excruciating (6)] and has evidence of concurrent validity and test-retest reliability (Herr, 2011; Herr, Spratt, Mobily, & Richardson, 2004)
Fear of Falling	Fear of Falling	Patients are asked to rate their fear of falling on a scale of 0 to 4 (Scheffer, Schuurmans, Van Dijk, Van der Hooft, & De Rooij, 2008), There is evidence of test retest reliability and validity (Scheffer et al., 2008).
Depression	The 5-Item Geriatric Depression Scale	Evaluates 5 symptoms of depression and use has demonstrated specificity, validity and interrater and test retest reliability (Rinaldi et al., 2003).
Delirium	Delirium-O- Meter	Is an observation measure assessing 12 symptoms of delirium. Prior use supported internal consistency and validity (de Jonghe et al., 2005)
Physical Resilience	The Physical Resilience Measure	Includes 17 items reflecting resilience with prior use providing evidence of reliability and validity based on Rasch analysis (Resnick, et al., 2011).
Function	Barthel Index	Evaluates basic activities of daily living with varying degrees of assistance. Prior use provided evidence of internal consistency and validity (Mahoney, 1965; Sainsbury, Seebass, Bansal, & Young, 2005).
Performance	Physical Performance Mobility Exam (PPME)	Includes 6 tasks which are observed (low to high functioning). Prior testing established test retest and inter-rater reliability (r=.86) and inter-rater reliability (96.6%) and convergent and divergent validity (Sherrington, 2005; Winograd et al., 1994).
Actigraphy	ActiGraph (24 hours)	Objectively measured oactivitybased onactivity counts Prior use has demonstrated evidence of reliability and validity (ActiGraph, 2004).
Physical Activity Survey	Physical Activity Survey in Long Term Care	A subjective measure of physical activity performed over a 24 hour period. Prior use provided evidence of criterion-referenced validity and inter-rater reliability (Resnick & Galik, 2007).
Function Focused Care Knowledge Test	Knowledge of Function Focused Care	A 15-item paper and pencil test There is evidence of test-retest reliability and validity based on contrasted groups (Burkett et al., 2013).
Objective function focused care behaviors of patients	Function Focused Care Behavior Checklist for Patients	A 19 item checklist reflecting patients' enactment of function focused care activities. There is evidence of inter-rater reliability and (Boltz, Capezuti, Shuluk, Secic, 2012).
Objective function focused care behaviors by nurses	Function Focused Care Behavior Checklist for Nurses	A 19 item checklist reflecting nurses’ performance of function focused care. Prior testing provided evidence of inter-rater reliability , validity was based on contrasted groups and Rasch analysis (Resnick et al., 2007)