Table 2. Parameters of Actin Dynamics Deduced from Time-Lapse VAEM Analyses of Single, Cortical Actin Filaments of Arabidopsis Hypocotyls Expressing fABD2-GFP.

Parameter	Wild Type		twd1-1
	−NPAa	+NPAb	−NPAc	+NPAd
Max. filament lifetime (s)	31.1 ± 7.4	47.0 ± 15.7**	45.1 ± 10.3*	44.3 ± 11.3
Max. filament length (μm)	27.9 ± 9.9	33.2 ± 14.5**	28.2 ± 10	28.5 ± 9.1
Elongation rate (μm/s)	2.9 ± 1.0	3.4 ± 1.3**	2.9 ± 0.9	3.0 ± 1.0
Depolymerization rate (μm/s)	1.4 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 0.8	0.9* ± 0.4	0.9 ± 0.3
Severing frequency (breaks/μm/s)	0.011 ± 0.004	0.008 ± 0.003**	0.009* ± 0.003	0.008 ± 0.003
Bundling frequency (events/μm2/s)	1.640 10−4 ± 1.324 10−6	0.883 10−4 ± 0.645 10−6**	1.890 10−4 ± 1.314 10−6	0.872 10−4 ± 0.999 10−6**
Debundling frequency (events/μm2/s)	0.590 10−4 ± 0.2445 10−5	0.280 10−4 ± 0.194 10−5**	1.910 10−4 ± 0.414 10−5*	0.910 10−4 ± 0.264 10−5**

Shown are means ± se of 127 filaments from 34 cells.

^aNinety-nine filaments from 31 cells.

^bNinety-six filaments from 41 cells.

^cNinety-six filaments from 46 cells.

^dSignificant differences (unpaired t test with Welch's correction; P value < 0.01) to wild-type or solvent controls are indicated by * and **, respectively.