a) Ionic strength, b) Buffering capacity (N = 3), and c) Osmolality (N = 3) of Owen’s and proposed recipes. Buffering capacity was calculated for for HVF samples with initial pH below 4.2 labeled as HVF 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 11 (N = 1). Buffering capacities of all samples was determined as the slope of the curve generated by titration of samples with NaOH at room temperature.