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. 2016 Mar 7;148(2):150–159. doi: 10.1111/imm.12593

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Relative expression of individual DQA1 alleles normalized against peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA). Each point in the graph represents normalized value for one individual and one allele. The horizontal line indicates mean relative expression of the allele. Mean values with standard error of the mean are indicated. DQA1*02:01 was significantly more expressed in healthy controls than in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) (P corr = 0·041). HLA‐DQA1*0501 expression was elevated in patients with T1D compared with healthy controls, but significance was lost after correction (P corr = 0·369). Normalization against PPIA was performed to analyse differences in individual DQA1 allele expression between healthy controls and patients with T1D caused by altered inflammatory state or by other factors different than promoter strength in patients with autoimmune disease.