FIG 1 .

Gut microbial beta and alpha diversity is independent of maternal obesity but changes over time. (A) PCoA plot based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, with the centroid for each group shown with a black boarder. The distance to the group centroid for each point provides a measure of homogeneity of variance, used to estimate beta diversity. PC1 and PC2, principal coordinates 1 and 2, respectively. (B) Alpha diversity measures as estimated by the Shannon index, observed genera, and Pielou’s evenness index. Boxes indicate 25th to 75th percentiles, with mean values marked as a line and whiskers indicating minimum and maximum values. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 (according to Tukey’s honestly significant difference test for beta diversity and paired [within cohorts, across time points] or unpaired [across cohorts at the same time point] t tests for alpha diversity measures).