FIG 4 .

Duration of exclusive breastfeeding is reflected in late-infancy gut microbiota. Hierarchical clustering of Spearman’s rank correlations of duration of exclusive breastfeeding with gut microbial composition at 9 months of age at the family (A) and genus (B) levels in SKOT I and II. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. (C) Spearman’s rank correlations of alpha diversity measures (Shannon index, observed genera, and Pielou’s evenness index) to duration of exclusive breastfeeding (0 to 6 months) and age at introduction of complementary feeding (3 to 6 months) for compiled data from SKOT I and II. Boxes indicate 25th to 75th percentiles, with mean values marked as a line and whiskers indicating minimum and maximum values.