TABLE 1 .
Characteristics of the SKOT cohort subsets used in this studya
| Parameter (unit of measure) | Value for SKOT I (n = 114) | Value for SKOT II (n = 113) | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | |||
| BMI at the infant age of 9 mo (mean kg/m2 ± SD) | 22.9 ± 3.2 | 35.1 ± 4.2 | <0.0001 (MWT) |
| Work situation | |||
| Job (%) | 80.7 | 76.1 | |
| Student (%) | 14.9 | 8.0 | |
| No job (%) | 4.4 | 15.9 | 0.007 (χ2) |
| Education level | |||
| Basic (%) | 12.3 | 32.7 | |
| Short (%) | 11.4 | 12.4 | |
| Medium (%) | 32.5 | 34.5 | |
| Long (%) | 43.9 | 20.4 | <0.0001 (χ2) |
| Household income per yearc | |||
| <650,000 DKK (%) | 44.7 | 49.0 | |
| ≥650,000 DKK (%) | 55.3 | 51.0 | 0.587 (FET) |
| Infant | |||
| Birth | |||
| Wt for age at birth (mean Z score ± SD) | 0.35 ± 0.84 | 0.81 ± 1.04 | 0.0003 (tW) |
| Length for age at birth (mean Z score ± SD) | 1.20 ± 0.96 | 1.65 ± 1.11 | 0.013 (t) |
| BMI for age at birth (mean Z score ± SD) | −0.41 ± 0.91 | −0.08 ± 1.13 | 0.015 (tW) |
| C-section prevalence (%) | 13.3 | 33.7 | 0.0006 (FET) |
| Gestational age at birth (mean no. of wks ± SD) | 40.2 ± 1.2 | 40.3 ± 1.3 | 0.448 (t) |
| Sex | |||
| Male (%) | 47.4 | 53.1 | |
| Female (%) | 52.6 | 46.9 | 0.427 (FET) |
| Early infant feeding | |||
| Age at introduction to complementary feeding (mean no. of mos ± SD) | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 0.0018 (MWT) |
| Duration of exclusive breastfeeding (mean no. of mos ± SD) | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 2.6 ± 2.0 | 0.0006 (MWT) |
| Total duration of breastfeeding (mean no. of mos ± SD) | 8.1 ± 3.8 | 6.6 ± 4.5 | 0.0068 (MWT) |
| Anthropometry | |||
| Wt for age at 9 mo (mean Z score ± SD) | 0.46 ± 0.92 | 0.83 ± 0.93 | 0.003 (t) |
| Length for age at 9 mo (mean Z score ± SD) | 0.23 ± 0.90 | 0.88 ± 0.97 | <0.0001 (t) |
| BMI for age at 9 mo (mean Z score ± SD) | 0.45 ± 1.03 | 0.46 ± 0.95 | 0.939 (t) |
| Subscapularis skinfold thickness for age at 9 mo (mean Z score ± SD) | 0.19 ± 1.24 | 0.39 ± 0.99 | 0.184 (tW) |
| Waist circumference at 9 mo (mean cm ± SD) | 45.64 ± 3.07 | 44.95 ± 2.99 | 0.090 (t) |
| Wt for age at 18 mo (mean Z score ± SD) | 0.50 ± 0.84 | 0.70 ± 0.85 | 0.094 (t) |
| Length for age at 18 mo (mean Z score ± SD) | 0.07 ± 0.92 | 0.42 ± 0.97 | 0.006 (t) |
| BMI for age at 18 mo (mean Z score ± SD) | 0.64 ± 0.97 | 0.63 ± 0.87 | 0.945 (t) |
| Subscapularis skinfold thickness for age at 18 mo (mean Z score ± SD) | 0.59 ± 1.11 | 0.82 ± 1.20 | 0.141 (t) |
| Waist circumference at 18 mo (mean cm ± SD) | 46.83 ± 2.88 | 46.61 ± 2.52 | 0.550 (t) |
a
Data are from reference 25.
b
Statistical significance was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test (MWT), the chi-square test (χ2), Fischer’s exact test (FET), Student’s t test (t), and Student’s t test with Welch’s correction (tW).
c
DKK, Danish krone.