Table 2.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Associated with Gestational Weight Gain
| Less than IOM guidelines N=64 |
Within IOM guidelines N=37 (Reference Group) |
Above IOM guidelines N=239 |
P value (trend) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal | ||||
|
Mode of Delivery |
0.33 |
|||
| Spontaneous | 28 (43.8%) | 19 (51.4%) | 88 (36.8%) | |
| Operative Vaginal* |
3 (4.7%) | 0 | 10 (4.2%) | |
| Cesarean Delivery |
33 (51.6) | 18 (48.7) | 141 (59.0) | |
| Preeclampsia | 15 (23.4) | 12 (32.4) | 73 (30.5) | 0.49 |
| Percent of visits with Blood Sugar Controlled (%) |
31.8 +/− 28.9 | 28.9 +/− 26.8 | 29.7 +/− 26.7 | 0.92 |
| Neonatal | ||||
| Birth weight (g) |
2787 ± 990 | 3198 ± 734 | 3296 ± 1109 | <0.01 |
| SGA | 5 (7.8) | 4 (10.8) | 13 (5.4) | 0.41 |
| LGA | 5 (7.8) | 6 (16.2) | 72 (30.1) | <0.01 |
| Macrosomia | 4 (6.3) | 4 (10.8) | 56 (23.4) | <0.01 |
| PTD | 30 (46.9) | 10 (27.0) | 92 (38.5) | 0.14 |
| Gestational Age at Delivery (wks) |
35.5 +/− 4.6 | 37.4 +/− 2.2 | 36.4 +/− 4.0 | 0.24 |
| Birth Injury† | 7/60 (11.7) | 3/36 (8.3) | 17/222 (7.7) | 0.61 |
| Neonatal Length of Stay (days) |
9.1 +/− 14.5 | 4.9 +/− 7.7 | 7.6 +/− 12.1 | 0.27 |
--Values reported as absolute number in that GWG category with the associated outcome with percent of patient in parentheses or as mean ± standard deviation.
*
Operative vaginal delivery includes vacuum- and forceps-assisted vaginal delivery. Of the 3 operative vaginal deliveries in the less than IOM guidelines, 1 was vacuum and 2 were forceps. In the 10 operative vaginal deliveries in the more than IOM guidelines, 4 were vacuum and 6 were forceps.
†
Reported as n/total included (%). The total number included in the birth injury analysis is less than in the category due to stillbirths.