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. 2016 Feb 12;22(3):199–207. doi: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0334

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3.

Effects of fluid flow rate on cellular organization. (A) Representative images of albumin staining of HepG2 cells (green) and eNOS staining of MS1 cells (red) from days 1 (top) and 7 (bottom), at the indicated flow rates (white arrows point to vascular structures). (B) Coimmunostaining of cells expressing albumin, eNOS and Ki-67 (inset). (C) Analysis of cell types (MS1+HepG2, MS1 only, and no cells) covering the vascular structures at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mL/min, 1 and 7 days postcell seeding. (D) HepG2 cluster size at 1 and 7 days postcell seeding. (E) An animation of cellular organization in the liver scaffold during perfusion seeding. Results presented as mean ± SD, n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Scale bars: 100 μm (A), 50 μm (B). eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase.