Table 3.

Summary of microwaves (MWs) effects on seed and seedling performance.

Species	MWs applied	Effects described	Reference
Lens culinaris	2.45 GHz	No impact on seed germination or rate. Seedling length is stimulated after exposure of 30 s. Higher exposure time affects negatively all parameters.	Aladjadjiyan, 2010
Raphanus sativus	10.5 and 12.5 GHz	Reduced germination, germination rate, and hypocotyl growth rate.	Scialabba and Tamburello, 2002
Oriza sativa	2.45 GHz	Increased the germination percentage and rate, as well as, the primary shoot, and root length.	Talei et al., 2013
Triticum aestivum	2.45 GHz	Reduction of seedborne Fusarium graminearum infestation, and seed vigor.	Reddy et al., 1998
Solanum tuberosum	2.45–54 GHz	Highest biomass growth in seed potato germs.	Jakubowski, 2010
Hordeum vulgare	2.45 GHz	Enhanced germination and vigor index after exposure during 20 s.	Iuliana et al., 2013