Table 4.

Average marginal effects (from logistic regression) of five types of poverty (1–5) on four social outcomes (A-D) comparing those with different poverty statuses in 2000 and 2010 and conditioning on the starting value of the social outcome (in 2000)

	Economically deprived (1)		Absolute poor (2)		Deprived and abs. poor (3)		Long-term poor (4)		Relative poor (5)
	No controls	Controls	No controls	Controls	No controls	Controls	No controls	Controls	No controls	Controls
Social relations (A)
P11 versus P10, Y0 = negative	0.330	0.210	0.354	0.172	0.432	0.291	0.296	0.134	0.082	0.130
	(0.000)	(0.029)	(0.000)	(0.114)	(0.000)	(0.052)	(0.008)	(0.251)	(0.479)	(0.240)
P11 versus P10, Y0 = positive	0.138	0.081	0.154	0.050	0.035	−0.048	0.197	0.065	0.026	0.034
	(0.002)	−0.048	−0.005	(0.260)	(0.676)	(0.374)	(0.003)	(0.225)	(0.546)	(0.455)
P00 versus P01, Y0 = positive	−0.175	−0.135	−0.122	−0.070	−0.287	−0.188	−0.156	−0.091	0.013	−0.013
	(0.000)	(0.002)	(0.009)	(0.084)	(0.001)	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.082)	(0.583)	(0.645)
P00 versus P01, Y0 = negative	−0.065	−0.048	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.116	0.042
	(0.536)	(0.635)							(0.241)	(0.668)
Social support (B)
P11 versus P10, Y0 = negative	0.233	0.102	0.200	0.102	–	–	0.200	0.108	–	–
	(0.030)	(0.190)	(0.079)	(0.177)			(0.133)	(0.235)
P11 versus P10, Y0 = positive	0.030	0.002	0.082	0.018	0.056	−0.006	0.100	0.021	0.042	0.052
	(0.248)	(0.928)	−0.039	(0.532)	(0.356)	(0.882)	(0.039)	(0.524)	(0.147)	(0.105)
P00 versus P01, Y0 = positive	−0.066	−0.050	−0.059	−0.045	−0.151	−0.128	−0.063	−0.045	0.026	0.024
	(0.023)	(0.050)	(0.050)	(0.089)	(0.025)	(0.037)	(0.112)	(0.176)	(0.002)	(0.022)
P00 versus P01, Y0 = negative	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Political participation (C)
P11 versus P10, Y0 = negative	0.119	0.109	0.105	0.083	0.047	0.032	0.110	0.091	0.091	0.081
	(0.001)	(0.006)	(0.003)	(0.038)	(0.391)	(0.616)	(0.005)	(0.041)	(0.015)	−0.034
P11 versus P10, Y0 = positive	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
P00 versus P01, Y0 = negative	−0.082	−0.074	−0.077	−0.066	−0.077	−0.058	−0.044	−0.034	−0.044	−0.036
	(0.008)	(0.023)	(0.029)	(0.090)	(0.140)	(0.343)	(0.374)	(0.516)	(0.113)	(0.222)
P00 versus P01, Y0 = positive	−0.0508	−0.023	0.111	0.104	–	–	–	–	−0.121	−0.121
	(0.589)	(0.815)	(0.301)	(0.334)					(0.113)	(0.115)
Organizational activity (D)
P11 versus P10, Y0 = negative	0.100	0.091	0.048	0.029	0.093	0.108	0.089	0.083	0.026	0.012
	(0.032)	(0.091)	(0.408)	(0.680)	(0.155)	(0.188)	(0.164)	(0.295)	(0.636)	(0.845)
P11 versus P10, Y0 = positive	0.068	0.047	0.190	0.188	–	–	0.149	0.151	−0.017	−0.067
	(0.372)	(0.543)	(0.041)	(0.055)			(0.157)	(0.167)	(0.843)	(0.396)
P00 versus P01, Y0 = negative	−0.078	−0.039	−0.182	−0.172	−0.198	−0.180	−0.173	−0.156	0.009	0.029
	(0.126)	(0.493)	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.008)	(0.042)	(0.003)	(0.017)	(0.853)	(0.570)
P00 versus P01, Y0 = positive	−0.160	−0.125	−0.008	0.032	−0.080	−0.056	−0.008	0.054	−0.039	0.002
	(0.035)	(0.107)	(0.920)	(0.682)	(0.478)	(0.625)	(0.943)	(0.611)	(0.453)	(0.973)

Right columns control for sex, education, age, immigrant status, health in 2000, civil status change between 2000 and 2010, and unemployment change between 2000 and 2010. P values in parentheses. Excluded estimates involve variable categories with N < 20. Shaded cells are in hypothesized direction, bold estimates are statistically significant (P < 0.05). N in regressions: 1A: 3075; 1B: 3073; 1C: 3075; 1D: 3069; 2A: 3144; 2B: 3137; 2C: 3144; 2D: 3130; 3A: 3074, 3B: 3072; 3C: 3074; 3D: 3068; 4A: 2995; 4B: 2988; 4C: 2995; 4D: 2981; 5A: 3128; 5B: 3121; 5C: 3128; 5D: 3114