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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 12.
Published in final edited form as: Gait Posture. 2015 Nov 12;44:7–11. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.11.006

Table 1.

Mean (SD) values for parameters under the different conditions and comparison between freezing and non-freezing episodes

Parameter Non-freezing trials Freezing trials Nothing Laser Sound Vibration Stick
Percentage of freezing episodes -
 -
 81.58
(7.53)		 27.50
(7.34)		 44.44
(7.74)		 68.29
(7.25)		 40.00
(7.85)
First Step Length (m) 0.241*
(0.017)		 0.143
(0.012)		 0.163
(0.013)		 0.271
(0.012)		 0.167
(0.012)		 0.126
(0.013)		 0.204
(0.013)
Second Step Length (m) 0.481*
(0.030)		 0.272
(0.025)		 0.314
(0.046)0		 0.535
(0.042)		 0.353
(0.043)		 0.242
(0.042)		 .422
(0.045)
Forward COM velocity (m/s) 0.513*
(0.021)		 0.311
(0.018)		 0.335
(0.017)		 0.455
(0.016)		 0.392
(0.016)		 0.324
(0.017)		 0.460
(0.016)
Sideways COM velocity (m/s) -0.168*
(0.005)		 -0.149
(0.007)		 -0.147
(0.007)		 -0.161
(0.006)		 -0.182
(0.007)		 -0.147
(0.007)		 -0.148
(0.006)
Number of COM forward/backward sways 2.89*
(0.30)		 15.52
(1.39)		 12.46
(1.25)		 7.54
(1.19)		 7.92
(1.24)		 14.50
(1.45)		 9.18
(1.16)
Number of COM sideways sways 6.99*
(0.51)		 22.41
(1.51)		 20.50
(1.29)		 10.94
(1.22)		 13.64
(1.28)		 21.18
(1.49)		 15.18
(1.20)
Forward centre of pressure velocity (m/s) 0.144
(0.011)		 0.176
(0.016)		 0.146
(0.024)		 0.139
(0.022)		 0.154
(0.023)		 0.216
(0.022)		 0.138
(0.022)
Side to side centre of pressure velocity (m/s) 0.473
(0.034)		 0.484
(0.036)		 0.504
(0.049)		 0.435
(0.047)		 0.439
(0.048)		 0.603
(0.047)		 0.358
(0.047)
*

Significant differences p<0.05 between Non-Freezing vs. Freezing episodes using an Independent t-test