Fig 1. LPS induces a phase shift in synchronized peritoneal macrophages and impairs the expression of core circadian genes in peritoneal macrophages.

(A) Peritoneal macrophages from mPer2^luciferase transgenic mice were seeded in 96-well plate (white) for 24 hours. After 2h serum shock, cells were kept in luminescence buffer in presence or absence of LPS (20ng/ml) and bioluminescence was recorded every 2 hours which starts from Time 0. (B) Oscillation curves were analyzed by cosinor (time 0 and 24h represented by 0° and 360°, respectfully) and acrophase determined (mean ± SEM, n = 8, t-test, * p<0.05, versus Control). (C) Peritoneal macrophages were synchronized and mRNA levels of Bmal1 and 18S were assessed every 8h with qRT-PCR in presence or absence of LPS (20ng/ml). Transcript abundance (ΔΔCt) was reported relative to Time 0 in the control group (mean ± SEM, n = 5, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction, *p<0.05, versus control).