Table 1.
Demographic and cardiometabolic characteristics of the study population by sex and age category.
| Men
|
Women
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 20–39.9 n=648 |
Age 40–59.9 n=592 |
Age 60–80 n=552 |
Age 20–39.9 n=646 |
Age 40–59.9 n=610 |
Age 60–80 n=550 |
|
| Age, years | 29.17 (0.43) | 49.56 (0.38) | 69.00 (0.39) | 29.26 (0.43) | 49.61 (0.18) | 70.00 (0.34) |
| Body Mass Index (BMI), kg/m2 | 27.83 (0.36) | 29.37 (0.25)† | 28.65 (0.36) | 28.63 (0.30)* | 29.64 (0.34)† | 29.31 (0.41) |
| Obesity (BMI >30), % | 30.3 | 35.7† | 32.6 | 35.1* | 45.2*† | 43.2*§ |
| Waist Circumference, cm | 95.92 (0.97) | 103.69 (0.67) | 105.74 (0.94) | 93.45 (0.79) | 97.62 (0.61) | 99.19 (0.92) |
| Abdominal Obesity (sex-specific WC), % | 30.1 | 44.0† | 51.2§‡ | 54.2* | 71.1*† | 76.0*§‡ |
| Self-Reported TV Viewing, hours/week | 2.20 (0.10) | 2.46 (0.08)† | 3.16 (0.08)§‡ | 2.33 (0.14) | 2.35 (0.09) | 3.10 (0.08)§‡ |
| Grip Strength, kg | 50.51 (0.38) | 47.30 (0.59)† | 40.17 (0.63)§‡ | 31.92 (0.23)* | 30.38 (0.28)*† | 24.89 (0.24)*§‡ |
| Normalized Grip Strength (relative to body mass) | 0.60 (0.01) | 0.53 (0.01)† | 0.47 (0.01)§‡ | 0.44 (0.01)* | 0.41 (0.01)*† | 0.35 (0.01)*§‡ |
| Glycohemoglobin, % | 5.37 (0.03) | 5.75 (0.07)† | 6.01 (0.07)§‡ | 5.31 (0.03) | 5.70 (0.04)† | 5.92 (0.05)§‡ |
| a Diabetes, % | 3.2 | 13.2† | 23.7§‡ | 3.1 | 11.1† | 19.0§‡ |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 99.05 (1.12)* | 111.69 (2.66)*† | 116.56 (2.53)§‡ | 95.39 (0.75) | 104.07 (1.69)† | 114.61 (3.20)§‡ |
| Insulin, μU/mL | 12.82 (0.59) | 15.22 (1.47)† | 13.64 (0.78) | 12.84 (0.50) | 13.05 (0.82) | 12.90 (0.35) |
| HOMA | 3.31 (0.19) | 4.52 (0.54)*† | 4.24 (0.45)§ | 3.21 (0.14) | 3.59 (0.27) | 3.93 (0.20)§ |
| 2-Hour OGTT, mg/dL | 98.43 (1.51) | 119.33 (4.50)*† | 130.65 (6.92)§‡ | 102.48 (2.11) | 112.28 (2.32)† | 141.75 (4.89)*§‡ |
| b Diabetes or IR, % | 14.9 | 27.7*† | 39.5§‡ | 14.7 | 21.5† | 34.3§‡ |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 121.52 (5.47)* | 154.34 (6.99)*†‡ | 126.12(8.46) | 105.69 (4.93) | 120.02 (7.01)† | 132.07 (6.11)§‡ |
| Total Cholesterol, mg/dL | 182.37 (1.66) | 200.15 (1.85)†‡ | 180.86 (1.41) | 182.57 (1.35) | 207.14 (1.90)*† | 204.64 (2.45)*§ |
| HDL-Cholesterol, mg/dL | 47.41 (0.52)*§ | 46.45 (0.62)*‡ | 50.47 (1.13)* | 55.64 (0.94)§ | 58.38 (1.23) | 59.33 (1.19) |
| LDL-Cholesterol, md/dL | 112.60 (1.81)*§ | 120.92 (2.50)†‡ | 105.19 (2.56) | 107.72 (1.11) | 125.37 (1.85)*†‡ | 118.57 (1.86)*§ |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 118.54 (0.53)* | 124.25 (0.97)*† | 131.23 (1.01)§‡ | 111.00 (0.77) | 119.33 (0.70)† | 134.89 (1.27)*§‡ |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 72.22 (0.59)* | 77.20 (0.59)*†‡ | 71.20 (0.49) | 69.90 (0.74) | 73.78 (0.47)†‡ | 70.90 (0.88) |
Abreviations: BMI-body mass index; WC-waist circumference; TV-televion; GHB-glycohemoglobin; HOMA-Homeostasis Model of Assessment; IR-HOMA-Insulin Resistant; OGTT-oral glucose tolerance test; HDL-high density lipoprotein; LDL-low density lipoprotein
Diabetes (GHB ≥ 6.5%)
Diabetes or HOMA-IR (Glucose ≥ 126 md/dL or OGTT ≥ 200 mg/dL or HOMA ≥ 5.9)
Significant difference between men and women in equivalent age category: Denoted as group with higher risk.
Significant difference between ages 20–39.9 years and 40–59.9 years (p<0.01): Denoted as group with higher risk.
Significant difference between ages 40–59.9 years and 60–80 years (p<0.01):Denoted as group with higher risk.
Significant difference between ages 20–49.9 years and 60–80 years (p<0.01): Denoted as group with higher risk.