Table 3.

Clinical features of DMD subjects with and without left ventricular (LV) dysfunction at most recent echocardiogram

Characteristics	Normal LV function N=54	Abnormal LV function N=23	p-value
Current age (years)	11.5 ± 4.7	20.2 ± 5.9	<0.001*
Current mean fractional shortening (%)	35.1 ± 3.4	19.3 ± 6.5
Range	(28.4%–45.2%)	(4.7%–27%)
Current number of non-ambulatory subjects	26 (48.1%)	N=3 (13%)	0.004†
Current mean QMT (pounds)	81.9 ± 38.8	48.2 ± 31.4	0.005*
Medications
Current or previous corticosteroids	83% (N=45)	65% (N=15)	0.079†
Duration corticosteroids (years)	3.7 ± 2.5	2.6 ± 2.3	0.158*
Current or previous ACEi‡	39% (N=21)	70% (N=16)	0.014†
Duration ACEi (years)	2.1 ± 1.8	4.1 ± 3.6	0.069*
Current or previous ARB§	6% (N=3)	26% (N=6)	0.010†
Duration ARB (years)	3.8 ± 1.9	4.0 ± 2.0	0.794*
Current or previous ACEi or ARB	41% (N=22)	87% (N=20)	<0.001†
Duration ACEi + ARB (years)	2.5 ± 2.0	4.5 ± 3.3	0.038*
Current or previous Beta blocker	13% (N=7)	70% (N=16)	<0.001†
Duration beta blocker (years)	3.2 ± 2.6	3.4 ± 1.8	0.737*
Current or previous mineralocorticoid	0	13% (N=3)	0.006‖
Duration of mineralocorticoid	0	2 ± 1.5

^*Mann-Whitney U test

^†Chi-Square test

^‡Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)

^§Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

^‖Fisher’s exact test