Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios from multiple logistic regressions for the 2012 samples
| Cost Barrier AOR | 95% CI | Personal Doctor AOR | 95% CI | Checkup AOR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A: Full sample controlling for county-level characteristics (N= 11,474) | ||||||
| Expansion status (Expansion state reference category) | 1.18 | (0.93 – 1.49) | 0.71** | (0.53 – 0.94) | 1.00 | (0.82 – 1.22) |
| Non-expansion state | ||||||
| Household income (< 138% of FPL reference category) | ||||||
| 138–400% of FPL | 0.48*** | (0.38 – 0.62) | 1.97*** | (1.43 – 2.72) | 1.32** | (1.05 – 1.67) |
| >400% of FPL | 0.23*** | (0.15 – 0.34) | 2.90*** | (1.82 – 4.60) | 1.51*** | (1.13 – 2.03) |
| Age (18–29 years reference category) | ||||||
| Age 30–39 years | 0.76 | (0.49 – 1.19) | 1.59** | (1.01 – 2.51) | 1.12 | (0.71 – 1.78) |
| Age 40–49 years | 0.73 | (0.47 – 1.14) | 3.74*** | (2.34 – 5.95) | 1.33 | (0.87 – 2.02) |
| Age 50–59 years | 0.52*** | (0.34 – 0.80) | 5.05*** | (3.23 – 7.88) | 1.40 | (0.90 – 2.17) |
| Age 60–64 years | 0.41*** | (0.25 – 0.68) | 4.66*** | (2.83 – 7.69) | 1.67** | (1.06 – 2.63) |
| Gender (female reference category) | ||||||
| Male | 0.69*** | (0.52 – 0.91) | 0.67** | (0.50 – 0.91) | 1.19* | (0.97 – 1.46) |
| Race (White reference category) | ||||||
| African American | 0.68** | (0.49 – 0.95) | 1.19 | (0.77 – 1.82) | 2.00*** | (1.42 – 2.80) |
| Asian | 1.50 | (0.34 – 6.69) | 1.64 | (0.53 – 5.09) | 1.25 | (0.38 – 4.09) |
| Other race | 1.08 | (0.72 – 1.62) | 0.64* | (0.40 – 1.03) | 0.89 | (0.59 – 1.34) |
| White | ||||||
| Ethnicity (Non-Hispanic reference category) | ||||||
| Hispanic | 0.95 | (0.61 – 1.48) | 1.02 | (0.62 – 1.67) | 1.25 | (0.80 – 1.97) |
| Marital status (unmarried reference category) | ||||||
| Married | 0.85 | (0.69 – 1.04) | 1.07 | (0.81 – 1.42) | 0.91 | (0.75 – 1.11) |
| Education (less than high school reference category) | ||||||
| High school | 0.77 | (0.55 – 1.08) | 1.51** | (1.02 – 2.24) | 0.96 | (0.69 – 1.33) |
| Some college | 0.78 | (0.56 – 1.09) | 1.79*** | (1.20 – 2.66) | 0.97 | (0.69 – 1.35) |
| College or more | 0.68* | (0.46 – 1.01) | 1.50* | (0.98 – 2.29) | 1.08 | (0.76 – 1.54) |
| Employment (not employed reference category) | ||||||
| Employed | 0.91 | (0.70 – 1.18) | 0.81 | (0.60 – 1.08) | 0.85 | (0.70 – 1.05) |
| Insurance status (uninsured reference category) | ||||||
| Insured | 0.14*** | (0.11 – 0.18) | 6.80*** | (5.09 – 9.08) | 3.19*** | (2.49 – 4.08) |
| Childlessness (has dependent children reference category) | ||||||
| Childless adult | 1.17 | (0.90 – 1.53) | 0.84 | (0.61 – 1.15) | 1.15 | (0.91 – 1.47) |
| Number of chronic diseases (no diseases reference category) | ||||||
| 1 chronic disease | 1.71*** | (1.27 – 2.29) | 1.21 | (0.86 – 1.70) | 1.04 | (0.82 – 1.32) |
| 2 chronic diseases | 2.90*** | (1.91 – 4.40) | 1.20 | (0.81 – 1.80) | 1.13 | (0.85 – 1.50) |
| 3 or more chronic diseases | 3.34*** | (2.45 – 4.56) | 1.13 | (0.75 – 1.70) | 1.16 | (0.87 – 1.55) |
| Physician supply | 1.38* | (0.95 – 2.01) | 1.72** | (1.03 – 2.88) | 0.99 | (0.73 – 1.32) |
| Primary care shortage area | 1.05 | (0.83 – 1.32) | 0.97 | (0.74 – 1.28) | 1.04 | (0.86 – 1.25) |
| Percent of urban population 2013 | 1.00 | (0.99 – 1.00) | 0.99*** | (0.98 – 1.00) | 1.00 | (1.00 – 1.01) |
| Percent of minorities 2010 | 1.00 | (0.99 – 1.01) | 1.00 | (1.00 – 1.01) | 1.00 | (0.99 – 1.00) |
| Median household income 2010 | 1.00 | (1.00 – 1.00) | 1.00*** | (1.00 – 1.00) | 1.00 | (1.00 – 1.00) |
| Panel B: Full sample without controlling for county-level characteristics (N= 11,474)a | ||||||
| Expansion status (Expansion state reference category) | ||||||
| Non-expansion state | 1.15 | (0.93 – 1.42) | 0.67* | (0.51 – 0.88) | 1.00 | (0.82 – 1.20) |
*
p<0.10,
**
p<0.05,
***
p<0.01
a
We only report adjusted odds ratios from multiple logistic regressions which include all the independent variables listed in Table 4