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The pathway indicated by orange arrows is most widely accepted nowadays, whereas the one indicated by blue arrows remains controversial. Notably, there are some additional putative demethylation mechanisms [54].
5caC: 5-carboxylcytosine; 5fC: 5-formylcytosine; 5hmc: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; 5mc: 5-methylcytosine; BER: Base excision repair; TDG: Thymine DNA glycosylase.
