Table 1.
Baseline data and characteristics of the participants
| CR + RT (n = 13) | PL + RT (n = 14) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 67.4 ± 4.7 | 67.1 ± 6.3 | 0.877 |
| Height (cm) | 158.3 ± 7.6 | 159.5 ± 8.9 | 0.706 |
| Body mass (kg) | 68.1 ± 13.7 | 70.1 ± 17.2 | 0.747 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 38.3 ± 8 | 40.4 ± 8.6 | 0.512 |
| Body fat (%) | 39.6 ± 10.4 | 39.2 ± 7.8 | 0.930 |
| Android fat (%) | 45.1 ± 11.2 | 46.4 ± 6.4 | 0.865 |
| Gynoid fat (%) | 44.1 ± 11.8 | 43.6 ± 9.2 | 0.910 |
| SMI (kg/m2) | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 6.6 ± 1.1 | 0.596 |
| 10 RM bench press (kg) | 14.7 ± 7.1 | 16 ± 5.5 | 0.616 |
| 10 RM leg press (kg) | 60.4 ± 35.5 | 57.6 ± 26.0 | 0.819 |
| Whole body BMC (kg) | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 0.584 |
| Whole body BMD (g/cm2) | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.884 |
| Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.607 |
| Dual femur BMD (g/cm2) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.272 |
| Right femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.281 |
| Left femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.273 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. No significant between‐group differences were observed.
BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density; CR + RT, creatine plus resistance training; PL + RT, placebo plus resistance training; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index; 10 RM, ten‐repetition maximal.