Table 3.

Effect sizes and standard errors of multilevel models for post-intervention problem behavior Study 1.

	Problem behavior (SE)
Gendera	0.09 (0.12)
Ethnic Backgroundb	-0.24 (0.17)
Pre-intervention problem behavior	0.57 (0.05)***
Conditionc	0.07 (0.11)
Ethnic Background ∗ Gender	-0.03 (0.22)
Gender ∗ Condition	0.05 (0.17)
Ethnic background ∗ Condition	-0.30 (0.21)

^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. Parameter estimates (while controlling for effects of other parameters) can be interpreted as Cohen’s d; ^aGirl = 0, Boy = 1; ^bNative Dutch = 0, Ethnic minority = 1; ^cValues-affirmation = 0, Control = 1.