Table 2.

Moderator effect of age, gender, and clinical status on the association of depressive symptoms with substance-related behavior and on change of depressive symptoms over time (multiple linear regression analysis).

	Association of depression with current drug use/impairment		Association of depression with future drug use/impairment		Association of depression with treatment participation		Association of depression with needle sharing		Improvement of depressive symptoms
Variable	B	β	B	β	B	β	B	β	B	β
Age	0.01	0.32	0.04	0.73	−0.01	− 0.15	0.00	0.06	−0.02**	−0.53
% men	−0.00	−0.02	0.03*	0.95	−0.02**	− 0.86	−0.00	−0.55*	0.00	0.02
Clinical status	0.11	0.28	0.03	0.05	−0.05	− 0.46	−0.09	−0.41	0.29***	0.37
R2	0.20		0.30		0.54		0.38		0.42
n	25		15		18		13		18

B (β): (non-)standardized regression coefficient.

^*P < 0.05,

^**P < 0.01,

^***P < 0.07.

Clinical status (1 = clinical sample, 0 = others). Moderator analyses not performed on current alcohol use and impairment given too few reports.