Table 1.
Echocardiographic protocol and data
| Protocol | Measurement | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Window | Doppler | 2D/M‐mode | |
| Parasternal | |||
| Long axis | MV & AV colour flow | IVSd, LVEDD, LVPWd | LV end diastolic dimension (cm/m2) |
| IVSs, LVESD, LVPWs, LVOT, LA | LV end systolic dimension (cm/m2) | ||
| RV inflow | TV CW + colour flow | ||
| Short axis | |||
| Base | AV, TV & PV colour flow | ||
| MV | MV colour flow | ||
| Papillary muscle | 2D endocardial & epicardial area | LV mass index (g/m2) | |
| apex | |||
| Apical | |||
| 4 chamber | MV annulus TDI + LV inflow PW | LV volume diastole + systole, LAA | LV EF (%) |
| MV colour flow, TV colour flow | LV diastolic volume (ml/m2) | ||
| LV systolic volume (ml/m2) | |||
| LV stroke volume (ml) | |||
| Cardiac output (L/min) | |||
| LV diastolic parameters (E, E/e’, IVRT, E/A) | |||
| Left atrial volume (ml/m2) | |||
| Valve assessment of structure and function | |||
| 2 chamber | MV colour flow | LV volume diastole + systole, LAA | LV EF (%) |
| Left atrial volume (ml/m2) | |||
| LV diastolic volume (ml/m2) | |||
| LV systolic volume (ml/m2) | |||
| 5 chamber | AV CW + PW + IVRT, AV colour flow | ||
| Long axis | MV colour flow | ||
| RV | TAPSE, RAA | TAPSE | |
| Right atrial area (mm2) | |||
| Subcostal | |||
| 4 chamber | |||
| IVC & hepatic veins | IVC diameter | RVSP | |
AV, aortic valve; CW, continuous wave; E, early diastolic filling; e’, early lengthening velocity; IVC, inferior vena cava; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; IVSd, intraventricular septal diastole; IVSs, intraventricular septum systole; LVEDd, left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricular end‐systolic dimension; LVPWd, left ventricular posterior wall diastole; LVEDs, left ventricle posterior wall systole; EF, ejection fraction; LAA, left atrial area; LV, left ventricle; MV, mitral valve; PV, pulmonary valve; PW, pulsed wave; RV, right ventricle; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.