Figure 1.

(a) Texture provides information about 3D layout—here about the angle (slant) of the ground relative to the viewer (camera). A stereoscopic view would also provide disparity information, a second independent cue to the surface slant. (b) Example left‐eye (LE) and right‐eye (RE) views of stimulus pair in condition T+D+. Both texture and disparity indicate that the left‐hand plane has the greater slant toward the horizontal. The stimuli may be seen in stereo by free fusion, but disparities are only correct when the display takes up 13° degrees of visual angle, as in the experiment. Monocular viewing of only one eye's view (e.g., LE) corresponds to the texture‐only (T+) condition. (c) Example stimulus pair in condition T+D‐. While texture indicates that the left‐hand plane has the greater slant toward the horizontal, disparity indicates that it has the less. (d) Example stimulus pair in condition D+. There is no useful texture information, but disparity indicates that the left‐hand plane has the greater slant toward the horizontal. (e) Schematic view of conditions and the relationships predicted by integration of cues. In each condition, participants judge whether the 45° slanted standard (grey, shown left) has same or different slant as a comparison slanted 45 ± 12.5°, based on different cues (only the “different” case—as seen on half of trials—is illustrated). Photo in (a) from https://www.flickr.com/photos/10709229@N00/2101324396/under the creative commons license.