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. 2016 May 12;11(5):e0155335. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155335

Fig 3. Cytokine release in conditioned medium relative to degree of inflammation as determined by endoscopy and histomorphology.

Fig 3

Spontaneous release of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-10, GM-CSF, IFN-γ and TNF-α from (A) inflamed biopsies (n = 12 patients (2 biopsies/patient)), non-inflamed (n = 10 (2)) and normal controls (n = 6 (4)) into the culture medium measured by Bio-Plex. The inflammation states of CD biopsies were determined by the endoscopist. (B) Spontaneous release from severely inflamed (n = 3 biopsies), mildly/moderately inflamed (n = 6) and non-inflamed (n = 9) CD biopsies from 4 patients as determined by histology. Cytokine levels (pg/ml/100 mg tissue) are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses (two-way ANOVA) were performed on the levels of the 5 cytokines in combination.