Fig 5. Final structural equation models for the relationships between the agropastoral system component and connectivity loss caused by a) increases in biomass and greenness (CL-IBG), b) woody encroachment (CL-WE), and c) decreases in biomass and greenness (CL-DBG).
Arrow thickness reflects the contribution from the exogenous latent variables (agropastoral system components) to the endogenous latent variable (connectivity loss). The numbers on the lines denote the standardized regression coefficients (β), and the statistical significance is indicated as follows: * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01 and *** p ≤ 0.001. R2a represents the adjusted R2 of the endogenous variable.